A Call For More Ecologically And Evolutionarily Relevant Studies of Immune Costs.
A Call For More Ecologically And Evolutionarily Relevant Studies of Immune Costs.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10682-022-10213-5
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
增加免疫应答的相对成本和收益是什么？生态免疫学从业者自该领域开始以来就一直在努力解决这个中心问题，主要的紧张因素是如何做出易于处理的方法选择，以保持诱导和测量的免疫成本的生态相关性。在这里，我们指出了两种我们认为在该领域中被低估的方法论方法，描述了与忽视这些方法相关的风险，并提出了最大化收集数据的多样性和生态相关性的现代技术。首先，人们普遍认为，频繁使用和实验方便的免疫刺激剂将在研究生物体中诱导与生态相关的免疫反应。这可能是一个危险的假设。即使刺激剂的一般免疫反应特性得到了很好的表征，也必须测量由活的病原体诱导的免疫反应的类型和规模。其次，免疫防御的模式和其他特征一样进化，因此比较方法对于了解是什么力量塑造了免疫变异是至关重要的。最后，我们描述了将很快成为生态免疫学家的基本工具的现代遗传学和免疫学方法，并提供了举例说明我们建议的实用性的案例研究。
What are the relative costs and benefits of mounting immune responses? Practitioners of ecoimmunology have grappled with this central question since the field’s inception with the main tension being how to make tractable methodological choices that maintain the ecological relevance of induced and measured immune costs. Here, we point out two methodological approaches that we feel are underrepresented in the field, describe risks associated with neglecting these methods, and suggest modern techniques that maximize both the diversity and ecological relevance of collected data. First, it is commonly assumed that frequently used and experimentally convenient immune stimulants will induce ecologically relevant immune responses in study organisms. This can be a dangerous assumption. Even if a stimulant’s general immune response properties are well characterized, it is critical to also measure the type and scale of immune responses induced by live pathogens. Second, patterns of immune defenses evolve like other traits, thus a comparative approach is essential to understand what forces shape immune variation. Finally, we describe modern genetic and immunological approaches that will soon become essential tools for ecoimmunologists, and present case studies that exemplify the utility of our recommendations.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Blackwell, Aaron D.;Garcia, Angela R.
通讯作者：
Garcia, Angela R.