Ecoimmunology in the field: Measuring multiple dimensions of immune function with minimally invasive, field-adapted techniques.
Ecoimmunology in the field: Measuring multiple dimensions of immune function with minimally invasive, field-adapted techniques.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajhb.23784
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Garcia, Angela R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blackwell, Aaron D.;Garcia, Angela R.
免疫功能是多方面的，基于单一生物标志物的表征可能缺乏信息或具有误导性，特别是在跨生态环境考虑时。然而，在现场测量免疫的许多方面可能具有挑战性，因为许多测量无法在现场获得，需要样品保存和运输。在这里，我们评估了测量免疫力的最先进方法，重点关注需要从手指刺破中获取最少血液样本的措施，这些样本可以：（1）在滤纸上干燥，（2）在液氮中冷冻，或（3）用化学试剂稳定。我们回顾了可以从护理点设备或干血斑 (DBS) 免疫分析、流式细胞术现场方法、RNA 或 DNA 测序和定量的使用以及现场条件下免疫激活分析的应用获得的免疫措施。 DBS 可以可靠地测量稳定的蛋白质产品，例如免疫球蛋白和 C 反应蛋白。由于不稳定的蛋白质（例如细胞因子）即使在新鲜血液中也可能难以测量，因此稳定血液中的 mRNA 可以提供更清晰的细胞因子测量和更广泛的免疫相关基因表达。基因甲基化测定或 mRNA 测序还可以量化许多其他参数，包括白细胞亚群的推断，尽管其准确性低于流式细胞术。结合这些技术可以改进单标记研究，从而可以更细致地了解社会和生态变量如何与不同人群和环境中的免疫措施和疾病风险相关。
Immune function is multifaceted and characterizations based on single biomarkers may be uninformative or misleading, particularly when considered across ecological contexts. However, measuring the many facets of immunity in the field can be challenging, since many measures cannot be obtained on‐site, necessitating sample preservation and transport. Here we assess state‐of‐the‐art methods for measuring immunity, focusing on measures that require a minimal blood sample obtained from a finger prick, which can be: (1) dried on filter paper, (2) frozen in liquid nitrogen, or (3) stabilized with chemical reagents. We review immune measures that can be obtained from point‐of‐care devices or from immunoassays of dried blood spots (DBSs), field methods for flow cytometry, the use of RNA or DNA sequencing and quantification, and the application of immune activation assays under field conditions. Stable protein products, such as immunoglobulins and C‐reactive protein are reliably measured in DBSs. Because less stable proteins, such as cytokines, may be problematic to measure even in fresh blood, mRNA from stabilized blood may provide a cleaner measure of cytokine and broader immune‐related gene expression. Gene methylation assays or mRNA sequencing also allow for the quantification of many other parameters, including the inference of leukocyte subsets, though with less accuracy than with flow cytometry. Combining these techniques provides an improvement over single‐marker studies, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of how social and ecological variables are linked to immune measures and disease risk in diverse populations and settings.
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影响因子：
15.1
作者：
Demonbreun AR;Sancilio A;Velez MP;Ryan DT;Saber R;Vaught LA;Reiser NL;Hsieh RR;D'Aquila RT;Mustanski B;McNally EM;McDade TW
通讯作者：
McDade TW
DOI：
10.1002/ajhb.21092
发表时间：
2010-11
期刊：
American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council
影响因子：
--
作者：
Blackwell AD;Snodgrass JJ;Madimenos FC;Sugiyama LS
通讯作者：
Sugiyama LS
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Colson, K. Ellicott;Potter, Alan;Mokdad, Ali H.
通讯作者：
Mokdad, Ali H.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Sbiera S;Dexneit T;Reichardt SD;Michel KD;van den Brandt J;Schmull S;Kraus L;Beyer M;Mlynski R;Wortmann S;Allolio B;Reichardt HM;Fassnacht M
通讯作者：
Fassnacht M
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Brindle, Eleanor;Fujita, Masako;O'Connor, Kathleen A.
通讯作者：
O'Connor, Kathleen A.