Identifying Weapon Delivery Systems Using Macrofracture Analysis and Fracture Propagation Velocity: A Controlled Experiment
Identifying Weapon Delivery Systems Using Macrofracture Analysis and Fracture Propagation Velocity: A Controlled Experiment
复制标题
使用宏观断裂分析和断裂传播速度识别武器运载系统：受控实验
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Jäger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Radu Iovita;Holger C. Schönekeß;S. Gaudzinski;F. Jäger
在过去的几十年里，动物考古学的研究已经毫无疑问地证明，人类的狩猎能力从很早以前就相当强大。不幸的是，在狩猎中使用武器的直接证据相当罕见，而且在很大程度上取决于有机元素的保存。特别是，在没有这样的证据的情况下，很难在考古记录中确定复杂的机械辅助投射物（如飞镖和箭头）的首次出现。在这一章中，我们提出了一个受控的弹道实验的数据，目的是建立模式的冲击骨折的形成，将允许的歧视，刺矛，（手投）标枪，和标枪飞镖和箭头。通过控制武器尖端形状、重量、原材料、撞击角（IA）以及目标组成，我们能够专注于区分不同发射系统的关键要素：速度和动能输出。结果表明，断裂疤痕长度与冲击时的动能成正比，但仅当冲击是垂直的，因为急性IA降低了产生大的典型冲击断裂的能量要求。我们还确认了Hutchings（JAS 38：1737-1746，2011）关于应力加载速率和断裂扩展速度之间的关系的先前结果，记录了在我们的样品中两者之间的弱线性关系。最后，我们讨论了这项研究的影响，确定不同的武器电枢的考古记录。
In the last few decades, zooarchaeological studies have demonstrated beyond doubt that the hunting abilities of hominins were quite formidable from quite early on. Unfortunately, direct evidence for the use of weapons in hunting is quite rare and depends heavily on the preservation of organic elements. In particular, in the absence of such evidence, it is notoriously difficult to pinpoint the first appearance of complex, mechanically-assisted projectiles (such as darts and arrows) in the archaeological record. In this chapter, we present data from a controlled ballistic experiment with the aim of establishing patterns in the formation of impact fractures that would allow for the discrimination of thrusting spears, (hand-thrown) javelins, and spearthrower darts and arrows. By controlling for the weapon tip shape, weight, and raw material, impact angle (IA), as well as target composition, we are able to focus on the key elements that separate the different launching systems: velocity and kinetic energy output. The results show that fracture scar length is proportional to kinetic energy at impact, but only if the impact is perpendicular, as acute IAs reduce the energy requirements for the production of large, typical impact fractures. We also confirm previous results of Hutchings (JAS 38:1737–1746, 2011) regarding the relationship between precursory loading rate and fracture propagation speed, documenting a weak linear relationship between the two in our sample. We conclude by discussing the implications of this study for identifying different weapon armatures in the archaeological record.
弹丸冲击断裂和发射机制：使用复制勒瓦卢瓦点的受控弹道实验的结果
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Iovita R;Schönekeß H;Gaudzinski-Windheuser S;Jäger F
通讯作者：
Jäger F