Alternative start and termination sites of transcription drive most transcript isoform differences across human tissues.

Alternative start and termination sites of transcription drive most transcript isoform differences across human tissues.
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转录的替代起始和终止位点驱动着大多数人类组织中的大多数转录本同工型差异。

DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkx1165
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发表时间:
2018-01-25
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Huber W
Huber W
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reyes A;Huber W

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大多数人类基因产生多种转录异构体。这些异构体的差异表达有助于确定细胞类型。不同的转录异构体产生于不同的转录起始点、多聚腺苷酸化位点和剪接位点的使用;然而,这些过程对正常人类生理中的异构体多样性的相对贡献尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题,我们从798个基因类型-组织表达项目的样本中,研究了23种细胞类型中18,000多个编码蛋白质的基因外显子使用的细胞类型差异。我们发现,大约一半的表达基因显示出组织依赖的转录异构体。组织依赖外显子使用的主要是选择性转录起始和终止位点,而不是选择性剪接。我们在来自FANTOM联盟的第二个独立数据集--基因表达数据的上限分析中证实了替代转录起始点的广泛使用与组织相关。此外,我们的结果表明,大多数组织依赖的剪接涉及未翻译的外显子,因此可能不会增加蛋白质组的复杂性。因此,可选择的转录起始和终止位点是不同组织间转录异构体多样性的主要驱动因素,并可能构成大多数细胞类型特定的蛋白质组和功能的基础。
Most human genes generate multiple transcript isoforms. The differential expression of these isoforms can help specify cell types. Diverse transcript isoforms arise from the use of alternative transcription start sites, polyadenylation sites and splice sites; however, the relative contribution of these processes to isoform diversity in normal human physiology is unclear. To address this question, we investigated cell type-dependent differences in exon usage of over 18 000 protein-coding genes in 23 cell types from 798 samples of the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project. We found that about half of the expressed genes displayed tissue-dependent transcript isoforms. Alternative transcription start and termination sites, rather than alternative splicing, accounted for the majority of tissue-dependent exon usage. We confirmed the widespread tissue-dependent use of alternative transcription start sites in a second, independent dataset, Cap Analysis of Gene Expression data from the FANTOM consortium. Moreover, our results indicate that most tissue-dependent splicing involves untranslated exons and therefore may not increase proteome complexity. Thus, alternative transcription start and termination sites are the principal drivers of transcript isoform diversity across tissues, and may underlie the majority of cell type specific proteomes and functions.
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