Does a complex life cycle affect adaptation to environmental change? Genome-informed insights for characterizing selection across complex life cycle.
Does a complex life cycle affect adaptation to environmental change? Genome-informed insights for characterizing selection across complex life cycle.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2021.2122
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发表时间：
2021-12-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reitzel AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Albecker MA;Wilkins LGE;Krueger-Hadfield SA;Bashevkin SM;Hahn MW;Hare MP;Kindsvater HK;Sewell MA;Lotterhos KE;Reitzel AM
复杂的生命周期在自然界中是常见的，其中同一生物体的离散生命阶段在形式或功能上不同，并且往往占据不同的生态位。由于各个阶段共享相同的基因组，一个阶段的选择性效应可能会在整个生命周期中产生级联效应。关于生命周期的复杂性将如何影响适应模式以应对快速变化的环境，理论和实证研究尚未产生明确的预测，也没有对生命阶段健康权衡(或缺乏适应)的理论预测进行测试。我们讨论了复杂的生命周期进化，并概述了三个假说-个体发育解耦、拮抗个体发育多效性和协同个体发育多效性-关于选择如何在具有复杂生命周期的生物体上发挥作用。我们建议一种世代内的实验设计，承诺对跨生命周期阶段的组合选择有重要的洞察力。作为这项设计的一部分，我们进行了模拟，以确定使用种群遗传框架检测整个生命周期中的选择所需的功率。这一分析表明，最近发表的报告代内选择的研究不足以检测到微小的等位基因频率变化(约.0.1)。能量分析表明，对于许多系统来说，采样要求具有挑战性，但可以达到，尽管具有高繁殖力的植物和海洋无脊椎动物是探索具有复杂生活周期的生物如何适应气候变化的优秀系统。
Complex life cycles, in which discrete life stages of the same organism differ in form or function and often occupy different ecological niches, are common in nature. Because stages share the same genome, selective effects on one stage may have cascading consequences through the entire life cycle. Theoretical and empirical studies have not yet generated clear predictions about how life cycle complexity will influence patterns of adaptation in response to rapidly changing environments or tested theoretical predictions for fitness trade-offs (or lack thereof) across life stages. We discuss complex life cycle evolution and outline three hypotheses—ontogenetic decoupling, antagonistic ontogenetic pleiotropy and synergistic ontogenetic pleiotropy—for how selection may operate on organisms with complex life cycles. We suggest a within-generation experimental design that promises significant insight into composite selection across life cycle stages. As part of this design, we conducted simulations to determine the power needed to detect selection across a life cycle using a population genetic framework. This analysis demonstrated that recently published studies reporting within-generation selection were underpowered to detect small allele frequency changes (approx. 0.1). The power analysis indicates challenging but attainable sampling requirements for many systems, though plants and marine invertebrates with high fecundity are excellent systems for exploring how organisms with complex life cycles may adapt to climate change.
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