Impact of tiny targets on Glossina fuscipes quanzensis, the primary vector of human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Impact of tiny targets on Glossina fuscipes quanzensis, the primary vector of human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0008270
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Stanton MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tirados I;Hope A;Selby R;Mpembele F;Miaka EM;Boelaert M;Lehane MJ;Torr SJ;Stanton MC
在过去20年中，全球报告的冈比亚非洲人锥虫病（g-HAT）病例数量减少了95%以上，这主要是由于大规模的积极筛查和治疗计划。然而，仍有疾病持续存在的疫源地，特别是在刚果民主共和国（DRC）的部分地区。因此，可能需要额外的控制努力，如使用微小目标控制采采蝇，以实现消除g-HAT的目标。本研究的目的是评估微小目标在刚果民主共和国的影响。2015-2017年，从三个相邻卫生区（Yasa Bonga，Mosango，马西Manimba）的1，234个地点收集了干预前后的采采蝇丰度数据。在一个物种分布模型框架内，将旱季遥感数据与332个地点干预前舌蝇存在/不存在数据相结合，以制作生境适宜性图。微小的目标对采采蝇种群的影响进行了评估，通过拟合一个广义线性混合模型的相对苍蝇丰度数据收集从889干预后监测点内亚萨邦加，与栖息地的适宜性，接近干预和干预持续时间作为协变量。在引入干预后，我们立即观察到苍蝇捕获量急剧减少> 85%（干预前：0.78只苍蝇/陷阱/天，95%CI 0.676-0.900;干预后3个月：0.11只苍蝇/陷阱/天，95%CI 0.070-0.153），这在整个研究期间持续。渔获量的下降与接近微小目标呈负相关，而栖息地的适宜性与丰度呈正相关，其影响力在干预措施的存在下减少。这项研究增加了大量证据，证明了微小目标在一系列生态环境中对采采蝇的影响，并进一步描述了改变其影响的因素。栖息地适宜性地图有可能指导该地区舌蝇控制活动的扩展。由于实施了积极筛查和治疗高危人群的方案，昏睡病病例大幅减少。在疾病持续存在的地区，如刚果民主共和国（DRC）的部分地区，需要进行额外的控制。这种疾病是由采采蝇传播的，在其他国家，使用微小目标减少采采蝇种群已被证明可以控制这种疾病。在刚果民主共和国的一个卫生区进行了广泛的采采蝇监测，在那里部署了微型目标。我们使用这些数据来更好地了解采采蝇的栖息地，制作栖息地适宜性地图，并随后测量微小目标对采采蝇种群的影响。我们发现，采采蝇主要是发现沿着和周围茂密的植被栖息地，栖息地的适宜性和捕获的苍蝇数量之间有一个积极的关系。一旦引入微小目标，在监测陷阱中捕获的苍蝇数量减少了> 85%，陷阱位置的栖息地适合性以及陷阱与最近的微小目标的接近程度影响干预效果的大小。这项研究除了提供可用于指导在该地区扩大舌蝇控制活动的信息外，还增加了证明微小目标对舌蝇分布影响的证据。
Over the past 20 years there has been a >95% reduction in the number of Gambian Human African trypanosomiasis (g-HAT) cases reported globally, largely as a result of large-scale active screening and treatment programmes. There are however still foci where the disease persists, particularly in parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Additional control efforts such as tsetse control using Tiny Targets may therefore be required to achieve g-HAT elimination goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of Tiny Targets within DRC. In 2015–2017, pre- and post-intervention tsetse abundance data were collected from 1,234 locations across three neighbouring Health Zones (Yasa Bonga, Mosango, Masi Manimba). Remotely sensed dry season data were combined with pre-intervention tsetse presence/absence data from 332 locations within a species distribution modelling framework to produce a habitat suitability map. The impact of Tiny Targets on the tsetse population was then evaluated by fitting a generalised linear mixed model to the relative fly abundance data collected from 889 post-intervention monitoring sites within Yasa Bonga, with habitat suitability, proximity to the intervention and intervention duration as covariates. Immediately following the introduction of the intervention, we observe a dramatic reduction in fly catches by > 85% (pre-intervention: 0.78 flies/trap/day, 95% CI 0.676–0.900; 3 month post-intervention: 0.11 flies/trap/day, 95% CI 0.070–0.153) which is sustained throughout the study period. Declines in catches were negatively associated with proximity to Tiny Targets, and while habitat suitability is positively associated with abundance its influence is reduced in the presence of the intervention. This study adds to the body of evidence demonstrating the impact of Tiny Targets on tsetse across a range of ecological settings, and further characterises the factors which modify its impact. The habitat suitability maps have the potential to guide the expansion of tsetse control activities in this area. There have been large declines in the number of cases of sleeping sickness as a result of programmes that actively screen and treat the at-risk population. Additional control is needed in areas where the disease persists such as parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The disease is transmitted by tsetse flies, and reducing the tsetse population using Tiny Targets has been shown to control the disease in other countries. Extensive tsetse monitoring has been undertaken in one Health Zone in DRC where Tiny Targets have been deployed. We used these data to gain a better understanding of tsetse habitat, to produce habitat suitability maps, and to subsequently measure the impact of Tiny Targets on the tsetse population. We show that tsetse flies are largely found along rivers and surrounding densely vegetated habitat, with there being a positive relationship between habitat suitability and the number of flies caught. Once Tiny Targets were introduced, the number of flies caught in monitoring traps decreased by >85%, with habitat suitability at the trap location, and the proximity of the trap to the nearest Tiny Target influencing the size of the effect of the intervention. This study adds to the body of evidence demonstrating the impact of Tiny Targets on tsetse distribution in addition to providing information that can be used to guide the expansion of tsetse control activities in this area.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
HOERL, AE;KENNARD, RW
通讯作者：
KENNARD, RW
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Holmes, Peter
通讯作者：
Holmes, Peter
乌干达北部的Glossina fuscipes fuscipes（双翅目：Glossinidae）种群中等位基因和线粒体单倍型多样性的时间稳定的证据。
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Opiro R;Saarman NP;Echodu R;Opiyo EA;Dion K;Halyard A;Aksoy S;Caccone A
通讯作者：
Caccone A
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Elith, J.;Leathwick, J. R.;Hastie, T.
通讯作者：
Hastie, T.
影响因子：
13.5
作者：
Huete, A;Didan, K;Ferreira, LG
通讯作者：
Ferreira, LG