Evoked alpha and early access to the knowledge system: the P1 inhibition timing hypothesis.
Evoked alpha and early access to the knowledge system: the P1 inhibition timing hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.003
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发表时间：
2011-08-23
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Klimesch W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klimesch W
本文提出了一种理论，认为视觉P1反映的是与alpha（频率约为10 Hz）相同的认知和生理功能，而alpha是一个持续的过程，P1是一个与事件相关的过程的表现。这表明，α和P1反映抑制，是有效的抢先体验，以一个复杂的知识系统（KS）。最重要的是，抑制以两种不同的方式运作。在潜在竞争和任务无关的网络中，抑制被用来阻止信息处理。然而，在任务相关的神经网络中，抑制被用于通过在具有高水平兴奋的神经元中实现精确定时的活动而使具有相对低水平兴奋的神经元沉默来增加信噪比（SNR）。当处理复杂性和网络兴奋性增加时，以及当某些类型的注意力需求（如自上而下的控制、期望或反射性注意力）增加时，抑制会增加以调节SNR。各种调查结果进行审查，以证明他们可以很好地解释建议的理论的基础上。因此，一个有趣的方面是注意力的好处（例如，与在对侧部位的无人照管的项目相比，有人照管的项目的P1更大）和成本（例如，在同侧部位的较大P1）都可以用抑制来解释。在前一种情况下，增加的P1与所呈现的项目的更有效的处理相关联（由于SNR的抑制调制的增加），然而，在后一种情况下，与项目处理的抑制相关联（由于阻碍信息处理的抑制）。P1和α被认为反映了功能相似的过程。对P1进行了全面的认知解释。关键的论点是P1反映了抑制。
In this article, a theory is presented which assumes that the visual P1 reflects the same cognitive and physiological functionality as alpha (with a frequency of about 10 Hz).Whereas alpha is an ongoing process, the P1 is the manifestation of an event-related process. It is suggested that alpha and the P1 reflect inhibition that is effective during early access to a complex knowledge system (KS). Most importantly, inhibition operates in two different ways. In potentially competing and task irrelevant networks, inhibition is used to block information processing. In task relevant neural networks, however, inhibition is used to increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) by enabling precisely timed activity in neurons with a high level of excitation but silencing neurons with a comparatively low level of excitation. Inhibition is increased to modulate the SNR when processing complexity and network excitation increases and when certain types of attentional demands – such as top–down control, expectancy or reflexive attention – increase. A variety of findings are reviewed to demonstrate that they can well be interpreted on the basis of the suggested theory. One interesting aspect thereby is that attentional benefits (reflected e.g., by a larger P1 for attended as compared to unattended items at contralateral sites) and costs (reflected e.g., by a larger P1 at ipsilateral sites) can both be interpreted in terms of inhibition. In the former case an increased P1 is associated with a more effective processing of the presented item (due to an inhibition modulated increase in SNR), in the latter case, however, with a suppression of item processing (due to inhibition that blocks information processing). ► The P1 and alpha are considered to reflect functionally similar processes. ► A comprehensive cognitive interpretation of the P1is presented. ► The key argument is that the P1 reflects inhibition.
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