Insight Into the Pico- and Nano-Phytoplankton Communities in the Deepest Biosphere, the Mariana Trench.
Insight Into the Pico- and Nano-Phytoplankton Communities in the Deepest Biosphere, the Mariana Trench.
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深入了解马里亚纳海沟生物圈最深处的微微和纳米浮游植物群落
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.02289
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Zhang Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo R;Liang Y;Xin Y;Wang L;Mou S;Cao C;Xie R;Zhang C;Tian J;Zhang Y
作为光合自养生物，浮游植物通常存在于海洋的真光层中，然而，最近发现健康的浮游植物细胞也普遍存在于黑暗的深海中，即，水深在2000到4000米之间。浮游植物群落在更深的沃茨（如超深带）的分布尚不清楚。在这项研究中，皮科-和nano-phytoplankton（PN）群落的垂直分布从表面到8320米，包括上层，中层，深海，超深海区，调查通过18 S和p23 S rRNA基因分析在挑战者深的马里亚纳海沟。结果表明，甲藻门、蓝藻门、附着藻门、绿藻门、原绿藻科、假单胞藻科、集球藻科、真鞭毛藻科等，是马里亚纳海沟的主要PN。回归分析表明，深度是影响PN群落垂直分布的最重要的环境因子，其次是温度。在超深带，PN群落结构与浅带有很大的不同。一些PN社区，例如，在较浅的沃茨中，具有异养特征的真绿藻和绿藻相对丰度较低，而在8320 m处，它们的相对丰度较高（分别为94.1%和20.1%）。然而，在整个水柱中检测到甲藻和原绿球藻。我们提出，垂直下沉，异养代谢，和/或过渡到休眠阶段的浮游植物可能有助于浮游植物在超深带的存在。这项研究提供了对马里亚纳海沟PN群落的深入了解，暗示了浮游植物在从真光层向超深层输出有机质方面的重要性，也暗示了可能存在一些不确定的能量代谢（例如，浮游植物使自己适应并生存在深海环境中。
As photoautotrophs, phytoplankton are generally present in the euphotic zone of the ocean, however, recently healthy phytoplankton cells were found to be also ubiquitous in the dark deep sea, i.e., at water depths between 2000 and 4000 m. The distributions of phytoplankton communities in much deeper waters, such as the hadal zone, are unclear. In this study, the vertical distribution of the pico- and nano-phytoplankton (PN) communities from the surface to 8320 m, including the epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and hadal zones, were investigated via both 18S and p23S rRNA gene analysis in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench. The results showed that Dinoflagellata, Chrysophyceae, Haptophyta, Chlorophyta, Prochloraceae, Pseudanabaenaceae, Synechococcaceae, and Eustigmatophyceae, etc., were the predominant PN in the Mariana Trench. Redundancy analyses revealed that depth, followed by temperature, was the most important environmental factors correlated with vertical distribution of PN community. In the hadal zone, the PN community structure was considerably different from those in the shallower zones. Some PN communities, e.g., Eustigmatophyceae and Chrysophyceae, which have the heterotrophic characteristics, were sparse in shallower waters, while they were identified with high relative abundance (94.1% and 20.1%, respectively) at the depth of 8320 m. However, the dinoflagellates and Prochloraceae Prochlorococcus were detected throughout the entire water column. We proposed that vertical sinking, heterotrophic metabolism, and/or the transition to resting stage of phytoplankton might contribute to the presence of phytoplankton in the hadal zone. This study provided insight into the PN community in the Mariana Trench, implied the significance of phytoplankton in exporting organic matters from the euphotic to the hadal zone, and also hinted the possible existence of some undetermined energy metabolism (e.g., heterotrophy) of phytoplankton making themselves adapt and survive in the hadal environment.
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Casamayor, EO;Massana, R;Pedrós-Alió, C
通讯作者：
Pedrós-Alió, C
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Gittings JA;Raitsos DE;Krokos G;Hoteit I
通讯作者：
Hoteit I
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Fujioka, K;Okino, K;Ohara, Y
通讯作者：
Ohara, Y
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Boopathi, Thangavelu;Faria, Daphne Georgina;Ki, Jang-Seu
通讯作者：
Ki, Jang-Seu
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Brito, Angela;Ramos, Vitor;Tamagnini, Paula
通讯作者：
Tamagnini, Paula