Modifications and functional genomics of human transfer RNA.

Modifications and functional genomics of human transfer RNA.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41422-018-0013-y
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发表时间:
2018-04
期刊:
影响因子:
44.1
通讯作者:
Pan T
Pan T
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pan T

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转移RNA (tRNA)在人类细胞中存在数千万个转录本,是细胞中最丰富的RNA。tRNA也是最广泛修饰的RNA,平均每个分子有13个修饰。tRNA在蛋白质合成中作为氨基酸和遗传密码的接头的主要功能是众所周知的。tRNA修饰在解码和其他细胞过程中起着多方面的作用。trna的丰度、修饰和氨基酰化(充电)水平以反映细胞类型及其环境的方式促进mRNA解码;然而,这些因素如何共同作用以最大限度地提高翻译效率仍有待研究。trna还与许多不参与翻译的蛋白质相互作用,这可能协调翻译活性和细胞中的其他过程。本文综述了人类tRNA的修饰和功能基因组学,并讨论了人类tRNA生物学的未来探索方向。
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is present at tens of millions of transcripts in a human cell and is the most abundant RNA in moles among all cellular RNAs. tRNA is also the most extensively modified RNA with, on an average, 13 modifications per molecule. The primary function of tRNA as the adaptor of amino acids and the genetic code in protein synthesis is well known. tRNA modifications play multi-faceted roles in decoding and other cellular processes. The abundance, modification, and aminoacylation (charging) levels of tRNAs contribute to mRNA decoding in ways that reflect the cell type and its environment; however, how these factors work together to maximize translation efficiency remains to be understood. tRNAs also interact with many proteins not involved in translation and this may coordinate translation activity and other processes in the cell. This review focuses on the modifications and the functional genomics of human tRNA and discusses future perspectives on the explorations of human tRNA biology.
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