Climatology, Storm Morphologies, and Environments of Tornadoes in the British Isles: 1980-2012
Climatology, Storm Morphologies, and Environments of Tornadoes in the British Isles: 1980-2012
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不列颠群岛的气候学、风暴形态和龙卷风环境：1980-2012
DOI：
10.1175/mwr-d-14-00299.1
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Schultz D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schultz D
1980-2012年不列颠群岛（本文中定义为英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰、爱尔兰共和国、海峡群岛和马恩岛）龙卷风气候学的发展。气候学包括母风暴类型、年际变化、年周期和日周期、强度、爆发的发生（定义为同一天发生三个或更多龙卷风）、地理分布以及由龙卷风近距离探测得出的环境条件。龙卷风报告来自龙卷风和风暴研究组织。33年来，每年平均有34.3次龙卷风和19.5个龙卷风日数（至少发生一次龙卷风的日数）。龙卷风和龙卷风的爆发通常是由线性风暴产生的，线性风暴的定义是雷达信号至少长75公里，长约为线性风暴的3倍。大多数（78%）龙卷风发生在英格兰。在英格兰南部、东南部和西部，距离某一地点10公里以内的龙卷风发生的可能性最高。平均每年有2.5次龙卷风爆发。在已知强度的地方，95%的龙卷风被分类为F0或F1，其余的被分类为F2。在此期间没有出现F3级或以上的龙卷风。龙卷风全年都有发生，5月到10月是高峰期。最后，龙卷风倾向于发生在低cape、高切变环境中。不列颠群岛的龙卷风很难仅用探测参数来预测，因为在零、龙卷风、爆发和重大龙卷风病例之间没有明确的阈值。
A climatology is developed for tornadoes during 1980–2012 in the British Isles, defined in this article as England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man. The climatology includes parent storm type, interannual variability, annual and diurnal cycles, intensities, occurrence of outbreaks (defined as three or more tornadoes in the same day), geographic distribution, and environmental conditions derived from proximity soundings of tornadoes. Tornado reports are from the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO). Over the 33 years, there were a mean of 34.3 tornadoes and 19.5 tornado days (number of days in which at least one tornado occurred) annually. Tornadoes and tornado outbreaks were most commonly produced from linear storms, defined as radar signatures at least 75 km long and approximately 3 times as long as wide. Most (78%) tornadoes occurred in England. The probability of a tornado within 10 km of a point was highest in the south, southeast, and west of England. On average, there were 2.5 tornado outbreaks every year. Where intensity was known, 95% of tornadoes were classified as F0 or F1 with the remainder classified as F2. There were no tornadoes rated F3 or greater during this time period. Tornadoes occurred throughout the year with a maximum from May through October. Finally, tornadoes tended to occur in low-CAPE, high-shear environments. Tornadoes in the British Isles were difficult to predict using only sounding-derived parameters because there were no clear thresholds between null, tornadic, outbreak, and significant tornado cases.
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2007
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1968
期刊：
影响因子：
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