Lipid-anchored SNAREs lacking transmembrane regions fully support membrane fusion during neurotransmitter release.

Lipid-anchored SNAREs lacking transmembrane regions fully support membrane fusion during neurotransmitter release.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.010
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发表时间:
2013-10-16
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Südhof TC
Südhof TC
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhou P;Bacaj T;Yang X;Pang ZP;Südhof TC

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神经递质释放过程中的突触囊泡融合是由SNAP-1、SNAP-25、Synaptobrevin-2/VAMP2和Munc18-1组成的SNARE和SM蛋白复合体的组装所介导的。目前的模型表明,SNARE-Complex组装通过将SNARE蛋白的跨膜区(TMR)拉在一起来催化膜融合,从而允许它们的TMR形成融合孔。这些模型与病毒融合蛋白对TMR的要求是一致的。然而,SNARE TMRS在突触小泡融合中的作用还没有得到生理学测试。在这里,我们研究了突触陷阱是否需要TMR来催化突触小泡融合,这是在毫秒时间分辨率的电生理学监测下进行的。令人惊讶的是,我们发现缺乏TMR的脂质锚定的Synaxin-1和脂质锚定的Synaptobrevin-2都有效地促进了自发的和钙离子触发的膜融合。我们的数据表明,SNARE蛋白在融合过程中主要作为力生成器发挥作用,这与迫使类脂膜紧密结合足以诱导膜融合的概念一致。
Synaptic vesicle fusion during neurotransmitter release is mediated by assembly of SNARE- and SM-protein complexes composed of syntaxin-1, SNAP-25, synaptobrevin-2/VAMP2, and Munc18-1. Current models suggest that SNARE-complex assembly catalyzes membrane fusion by pulling the transmembrane regions (TMRs) of SNARE proteins together, thus allowing their TMRs to form a fusion pore. These models are consistent with the requirement for TMRs in viral fusion proteins. However, the role of the SNARE TMRs in synaptic vesicle fusion has not yet been tested physiologically. Here, we examined whether synaptic SNAREs require TMRs for catalysis of synaptic vesicle fusion, which was monitored electrophysiologically at millisecond time resolution. Surprisingly, we find that both lipid-anchored syntaxin-1 and lipid-anchored synaptobrevin-2 lacking TMRs efficiently promoted spontaneous and Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion. Our data suggest that SNARE proteins function during fusion primarily as force generators, consistent with the notion that forcing lipid membranes close together suffices to induce membrane fusion.
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