MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.

MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001326
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发表时间:
2021-07
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Schornack S
Schornack S
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Timoneda A;Yunusov T;Quan C;Gavrin A;Brockington SF;Schornack S

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丛枝菌根(AM)是土壤真菌与植物根系相互作用形成的共生菌根。AM共生是植物中一种基本而广泛的性状,具有持续提高未来作物产量的潜力。然而,改善作物物种中的AM真菌关联需要对不同农艺和生态背景下的寄主定殖动态有基本的了解。为此,我们证明了甜菜素色素的使用作为AM真菌定殖的发生和分布的体内视觉标记,由根噬菌不规则在药用苜蓿和烟草的根。利用已建立的和新的am反应启动子,我们组装了多基因报告结构,使am控制核心β蛋白合成基因的表达。我们表明甜菜素着色是在真菌定植发生的根组织和细胞中特异性诱导的。在根管设置中,我们也证明了甜菜素染色允许随着时间的推移沿着根系无创性地追踪真菌定植。我们提出了一种有用的创新方法MycoRed,它将扩展和补充目前使用的真菌可视化技术,以推进AM共生领域的知识。丛枝菌根是土壤真菌与植物根系相互作用形成的共生菌根。本研究提出了MycoRed系统,该系统使用从甜菜根中提取的红色植物色素来揭示真菌如何与活豆科植物和野生烟草根建立共生关系。
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are mutualistic interactions formed between soil fungi and plant roots. AM symbiosis is a fundamental and widespread trait in plants with the potential to sustainably enhance future crop yields. However, improving AM fungal association in crop species requires a fundamental understanding of host colonisation dynamics across varying agronomic and ecological contexts. To this end, we demonstrate the use of betalain pigments as in vivo visual markers for the occurrence and distribution of AM fungal colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana benthamiana roots. Using established and novel AM-responsive promoters, we assembled multigene reporter constructs that enable the AM-controlled expression of the core betalain synthesis genes. We show that betalain colouration is specifically induced in root tissues and cells where fungal colonisation has occurred. In a rhizotron setup, we also demonstrate that betalain staining allows for the noninvasive tracing of fungal colonisation along the root system over time. We present MycoRed, a useful innovative method that will expand and complement currently used fungal visualisation techniques to advance knowledge in the field of AM symbiosis. Arbuscular mycorrhiza are mutualistic interactions formed between soil fungi and plant roots. This study presents the MycoRed system, which uses red plant pigments derived from beetroot to reveal how fungi establish symbiosis with living legume and wild tobacco roots.
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