Postnatal growth of the human pons: a morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis.
Postnatal growth of the human pons: a morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis.
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.23690
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发表时间：
2015-02-15
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tate, Matthew C.;Lindquist, Robert A.;Thuhien Nguyen;Sanai, Nader;Barkovich, A. James;Huang, Eric J.;Rowitch, David H.;Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo
关键词：
尽管它对全球大脑功能至关重要，但人类脑桥的出生后发育仍然知之甚少。在本研究中，我们首先对出生后(0-18岁；n=6-14/时间点)的人脑桥进行了基于MRI的形态计量分析。脑桥体积从出生到5岁增加了6倍，随后在整个童年期间继续缓慢增长。观察到的增长主要是由于基本庞蒂斯的扩张。基于T2的MRI分析表明，这种生长与髓鞘形成的增加有关，对人类尸检标本中髓鞘碱性蛋白的组织学分析证实，在婴儿时期髓鞘形成显著增加。细胞增殖分析显示，在生命的前7个月有许多Ki67+细胞，特别是在第一个月，相对于被盖，增殖在基础上是增加的。出生后脑桥中的大多数增殖细胞表达转录因子Orig2，提示为少突胶质细胞谱系。在出生后的前7个月内以及在基础和被盖之间，低聚糖2+的增殖细胞比例是相似的。Ki67+细胞数量从出生到7个月急剧下降，并在3年后进一步减少，并在整个童年时期观察到少量Ki67+细胞。此外，还鉴定了两类波形蛋白/巢蛋白表达细胞：一类是靠近脑室表面的背侧类细胞，整个儿童时期一直存在；另一类是实质类细胞，在7个月后逐渐减少，在儿童时期后期不再明显。总而言之，我们的数据显示，出生后脑桥腹侧显著生长，特别是在婴儿时期，细胞最增殖，髓鞘形成增加。
Despite its critical importance to global brain function, the postnatal development of the human pons remains poorly understood. In the present study, we first performed MRI-based morphometric analyses of the postnatal human pons (0–18 years; n=6–14/timepoint). Pons volume increased 6-fold from birth to 5 years, followed by continued slower growth throughout childhood. The observed growth was primarily due to expansion of the basis pontis. T2-based MRI analysis suggests that this growth is linked to increased myelination, and histological analysis of myelin basic protein in human postmortem specimens confirmed a dramatic increase in myelination during infancy. Analysis of cellular proliferation revealed many Ki67+ cells during the first 7 months of life, particularly during the first month where proliferation was increased in the basis relative to tegmentum. The majority of proliferative cells in the postnatal pons expressed the transcription factor Olig2, suggesting an oligodendrocyte lineage. The proportion of proliferating cells that were Olig2+ was similar through the first 7 months of life and between basis and tegmentum. The number of Ki67+ cells declined dramatically from birth to 7 months and further decreased by 3 years, with a small number of Ki67+ cells observed throughout childhood. In addition, two populations of vimentin/nestin-expressing cells were identified: a dorsal group near the ventricular surface, which persists throughout childhood, and a parenchymal population that diminishes by 7 months and was not evident later in childhood. Together, our data reveal remarkable postnatal growth in the ventral pons, particularly during infancy when cells are most proliferative and myelination increases.
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DOI：
10.1097/pas.0b013e318294e817
发表时间：
2013-09
期刊：
The American journal of surgical pathology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ballester LY;Wang Z;Shandilya S;Miettinen M;Burger PC;Eberhart CG;Rodriguez FJ;Raabe E;Nazarian J;Warren K;Quezado MM
通讯作者：
Quezado MM
影响因子：
50.3
作者：
Schueller, Ulrich;Heine, Vivi M.;Mao, Junhao;Kho, Alvin T.;Dillon, Allison K.;Han, Young-Goo;Huillard, Emmanuelle;Sun, Tao;Ligon, Azra H.;Qian, Ying;Ma, Qiufu;Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo;McMahon, Andrew P.;Rowitch, David H.;Ligon, Keith L.
通讯作者：
Ligon, Keith L.
影响因子：
45.3
作者：
Paugh, Barbara S.;Broniscer, Alberto;Baker, Suzanne J.
通讯作者：
Baker, Suzanne J.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Quinoñes-Hinojosa, A;Sanai, N;Alvarez-Buylla, A
通讯作者：
Alvarez-Buylla, A
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1101657108
发表时间：
2011-03-15
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Monje, Michelle;Mitra, Siddhartha S.;Beachy, Philip A.
通讯作者：
Beachy, Philip A.