Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?

Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?
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DOI:
10.1038/nrgastro.2017.88
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发表时间:
2017-10
期刊:
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Tomov VT
Tomov VT
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ni J;Wu GD;Albenberg L;Tomov VT

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人们普遍认为,IBD与肠道微生物群的组成和代谢变化(生态失调)有关。然而,在人类中,生态失调和IBD之间的直接因果关系尚未确定。来自动物模型的研究结果揭示了肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的不同和特定的作用,从保护作用到促炎作用。此外,来自这些实验模型的证据表明,尽管肠道细菌经常驱动免疫激活,但慢性炎症反过来会塑造肠道微生物群并导致生态失调。本综述的目的是总结目前IBD和生态失调之间的关联,描述肠道微生物群在特定结肠炎动物模型中的作用,并讨论以微生物群为重点的干预措施在治疗人类IBD中的潜在作用。最终,需要更多的研究来确定与人类疾病相关的宿主-微生物关系,并进行治疗干预。
A general consensus exists that IBD is associated with compositional and metabolic changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). However, a direct causal relationship between dysbiosis and IBD has not been definitively established in humans. Findings from animal models have revealed diverse and context-specific roles of the gut microbiota in health and disease, ranging from protective to pro-inflammatory actions. Moreover, evidence from these experimental models suggest that although gut bacteria often drive immune activation, chronic inflammation in turn shapes the gut microbiota and contributes to dysbiosis. The purpose of this Review is to summarize current associations between IBD and dysbiosis, describe the role of the gut microbiota in the context of specific animal models of colitis, and discuss the potential role of microbiota-focused interventions in the treatment of human IBD. Ultimately, more studies will be needed to define host–microbial relationships relevant to human disease and amenable to therapeutic interventions.
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