Why do insects evolve immune priming? A search for crossroads.
Why do insects evolve immune priming? A search for crossroads.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dci.2021.104246
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Khan I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prakash A;Khan I
直到最近，人们一直认为昆虫缺乏免疫记忆，因为它们没有像脊椎动物那样的专门记忆细胞。因此，它们对病原体的最充分研究的进化反应是增加基础免疫力。然而，越来越多的证据表明，许多昆虫也表现出一种形式的免疫记忆（免疫启动），其中先前暴露于低剂量的感染赋予了对同一病原体的后续感染的保护，该病原体在代内和跨代起作用。最引人注目的是，它们可以在不同的选择条件下，以不同的进化权衡，作为一种高度平行和相互排斥的基础免疫策略迅速进化。然而，引发作为最佳免疫策略的相对重要性也存在矛盾，主要是因为支持机制仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们采用了比较的方法，突出几个新兴的进化，生态和机制的特点，启动与基础免疫反应，值得立即注意，为未来的研究。
Until recently, it was assumed that insects lack immune memory since they do not have vertebrate-like specialized memory cells. Therefore, their most well studied evolutionary response against pathogens was increased basal immunity. However, growing evidence suggests that many insects also exhibit a form of immune memory (immune priming), where prior exposure to a low dose of infection confers protection against subsequent infection by the same pathogen that acts both within and across generations. Most strikingly, they can rapidly evolve as a highly parallel and mutually exclusive strategy from basal immunity, under different selective conditions and with divergent evolutionary trade-offs. However, the relative importance of priming as an optimal immune strategy also has contradictions, primarily because supporting mechanisms are still unclear. In this review, we adopt a comparative approach to highlight several emerging evolutionary, ecological and mechanistic features of priming vs basal immune responses that warrant immediate attention for future research.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1904828116
发表时间：
2019-10-08
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
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影响因子：
0.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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