Improving the visualization, interpretation and analysis of two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization via the Radial plot and Radial regression.
Improving the visualization, interpretation and analysis of two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization via the Radial plot and Radial regression.
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DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyy101
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Davey Smith G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowden J;Spiller W;Del Greco M F;Sheehan N;Thompson J;Minelli C;Davey Smith G
在双样本孟德尔随机化（MR）研究中，汇总数据常借助散点图进行可视化展示。在散点图中，将单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与结局的关联相对于SNP与暴露的关联进行绘制，以便直观呈现每个单个变异的因果效应估计。同时，将因果效应的标准逆方差加权（IVW）估计值作为拟合斜率叠加显示也很方便，这样就能看出单个SNP提供的证据是支持还是与总体共识相冲突。遗憾的是，只要SNP与结局的关联是在不同精度下估计的，并且这种情况在分析中有所体现，传统散点图就并非实现这一目标的最合适方式。
因此，我们建议对散点图进行一处小改动，即采用加尔布雷思径向图（Galbraith Radial plot）来展示MR研究的数据和结果，它相比原始方法具有诸多优势。从实际操作层面来看，它无需对遗传数据重新编码，能更直观地检测出异常值和有影响力的数据点。然而，其用途不仅限于美观，还为进行MR研究时的建模提供了一个更通用的框架，包括一种新形式的MR - Egger回归。
我们以一项双样本MR研究的数据为例来说明这些方法，该研究旨在探究收缩压对冠心病风险的因果效应，同时考虑到多效性的可能影响。结果表明，径向图有助于检测出一个导致IVW和MR - Egger回归估计值存在较大差异的单个异常变异。我们还提出了几个额外的图表，以实现更具信息性的数据可视化。
在对双样本汇总数据MR研究的数据进行可视化、分析和解释时，应考虑使用径向图替代散点图。我们还提供了相关软件以方便其使用。
Summary data furnishing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study are often visualized with the aid of a scatter plot, in which single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–outcome associations are plotted against the SNP–exposure associations to provide an immediate picture of the causal-effect estimate for each individual variant. It is also convenient to overlay the standard inverse-variance weighted (IVW) estimate of causal effect as a fitted slope, to see whether an individual SNP provides evidence that supports, or conflicts with, the overall consensus. Unfortunately, the traditional scatter plot is not the most appropriate means to achieve this aim whenever SNP–outcome associations are estimated with varying degrees of precision and this is reflected in the analysis. We propose instead to use a small modification of the scatter plot—the Galbraith Radial plot—for the presentation of data and results from an MR study, which enjoys many advantages over the original method. On a practical level, it removes the need to recode the genetic data and enables a more straightforward detection of outliers and influential data points. Its use extends beyond the purely aesthetic, however, to suggest a more general modelling framework to operate within when conducting an MR study, including a new form of MR-Egger regression. We illustrate the methods using data from a two-sample MR study to probe the causal effect of systolic blood pressure on coronary heart disease risk, allowing for the possible effects of pleiotropy. The Radial plot is shown to aid the detection of a single outlying variant that is responsible for large differences between IVW and MR-Egger regression estimates. Several additional plots are also proposed for informative data visualization. The Radial plot should be considered in place of the scatter plot for visualizing, analysing and interpreting data from a two-sample summary data MR study. Software is provided to help facilitate its use.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Bowden J;Del Greco M F;Minelli C;Davey Smith G;Sheehan N;Thompson J
通讯作者：
Thompson J
DOI：
10.1080/00031305.2016.1165735
发表时间：
2016-10-01
期刊：
The American statistician
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bowden J;Jackson C
通讯作者：
Jackson C
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Ehret, Georg B.;Munroe, Patricia B.;Rice, Kenneth M.;Bochud, Murielle;Johnson, Andrew D.;Chasman, Daniel I.;Smith, Albert V.;Tobin, Martin D.;Verwoert, Germaine C.;Hwang, Shih-Jen;Pihur, Vasyl;Vollenweider, Peter;O'Reilly, Paul F.;Amin, Najaf;Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L.;Teumer, Alexander;Glazer, Nicole L.;Launer, Lenore;Zhao, Jing Hua;Aulchenko, Yurii;Heath, Simon;Sober, Siim;Parsa, Afshin;Luan, Jian'an;Arora, Pankaj;Dehghan, Abbas;Zhang, Feng;Lucas, Gavin;Hicks, Andrew A.;Jackson, Anne U.;Peden, John F.;Tanaka, Toshiko;Wild, Sarah H.;Rudan, Igor;Igl, Wilmar;Milaneschi, Yuri;Parker, Alex N.;Fava, Cristiano;Chambers, John C.;Fox, Ervin R.;Kumari, Meena;Go, Min Jin;van der Harst, Pim;Kao, Wen Hong Linda;Sjogren, Marketa;Vinay, D. G.;Alexander, Myriam;Tabara, Yasuharu;Shaw-Hawkins, Sue;Whincup, Peter H.;Liu, Yongmei;Shi, Gang;Kuusisto, Johanna;Tayo, Bamidele;Seielstad, Mark;Sim, Xueling;Khanh-Dung Hoang Nguyen;Lehtimaki, Terho;Matullo, Giuseppe;Wu, Ying;Gaunt, Tom R.;Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte;Cooper, Matthew N.;Platou, Carl G. P.;Org, Elin;Hardy, Rebecca;Dahgam, Santosh;Palmen, Jutta;Vitart, Veronique;Braund, Peter S.;Kuznetsova, Tatiana;Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M.;Adeyemo, Adebowale;Palmas, Walter;Campbell, Harry;Ludwig, Barbara;Tomaszewski, Maciej;Tzoulaki, Ioanna;Palmer, Nicholette D.;Aspelund, Thor;Garcia, Melissa;Chang, Yen-Pei C.;O'Connell, Jeffrey R.;Steinle, Nanette I.;Grobbee, Diederick E.;Arking, Dan E.;Kardia, Sharon L.;Morrison, Alanna C.;Hernandez, Dena;Najjar, Samer;McArdle, Wendy L.;Hadley, David;Brown, Morris J.;Connell, John M.;Hingorani, Aroon D.;Day, Ian N. M.;Lawlor, Debbie A.;Beilby, John P.;Lawrence, Robert W.;Clarke, Robert;Hopewell, Jemma C.;Ongen, Halit;Dreisbach, Albert W.;Li, Yali;Young, J. Hunter;Bis, Joshua C.;Kahonen, Mika;Viikari, Jorma;Adair, Linda S.;Lee, Nanette R.;Chen, Ming-Huei;Olden, Matthias;Pattaro, Cristian;Bolton, Judith A. Hoffman;Koettgen, Anna;Bergmann, Sven;Mooser, Vincent;Chaturvedi, Nish;Frayling, Timothy M.;Islam, Muhammad;Jafar, Tazeen H.;Erdmann, Jeanette;Kulkarni, Smita R.;Bornstein, Stefan R.;Graessler, Juergen;Groop, Leif;Voight, Benjamin F.;Kettunen, Johannes;Howard, Philip;Taylor, Andrew;Guarrera, Simonetta;Ricceri, Fulvio;Emilsson, Valur;Plump, Andrew;Barroso, Ine S.;Khaw, Kay-Tee;Weder, Alan B.;Hunt, Steven C.;Sun, Yan V.;Bergman, Richard N.;Collins, Francis S.;Bonnycastle, Lori L.;Scott, Laura J.;Stringham, Heather M.;Peltonen, Leena;Perola, Markus;Vartiainen, Erkki;Brand, Stefan-Martin;Staessen, Jan A.;Wang, Thomas J.;Burton, Paul R.;Artigas, Maria Soler;Dong, Yanbin;Snieder, Harold;Wang, Xiaoling;Zhu, Haidong;Lohman, Kurt K.;Rudock, Megan E.;Heckbert, Susan R.;Smith, Nicholas L.;Wiggins, Kerri L.;Doumatey, Ayo;Shriner, Daniel;Veldre, Gudrun;Viigimaa, Margus;Kinra, Sanjay;Prabhakaran, Dorairaj;Tripathy, Vikal;Langefeld, Carl D.;Rosengren, Annika;Thelle, Dag S.;Corsi, Anna Maria;Singleton, Andrew;Forrester, Terrence;Hilton, Gina;McKenzie, Colin A.;Salako, Tunde;Iwai, Naoharu;Kita, Yoshikuni;Ogihara, Toshio;Ohkubo, Takayoshi;Okamura, Tomonori;Ueshima, Hirotsugu;Umemura, Satoshi;Eyheramendy, Susana;Meitinger, Thomas;Wichmann, H. -Erich;Cho, Yoon Shin;Kim, Hyung-Lae;Lee, Jong-Young;Scott, James;Sehmi, Joban S.;Zhang, Weihua;Hedblad, Bo;Nilsson, Peter;Smith, George Davey;Wong, Andrew;Narisu, Narisu;Stancakova, Alena;Raffel, Leslie J.;Yao, Jie;Kathiresan, Sekar;O'Donnell, Christopher J.;Schwartz, Stephen M.;Ikram, M. Arfan;Longstreth, W. T., Jr.;Mosley, Thomas H.;Seshadri, Sudha;Shrine, Nick R. G.;Wain, Louise V.;Morken, Mario A.;Swift, Amy J.;Laitinen, Jaana;Prokopenko, Inga;Zitting, Paavo;Cooper, Jackie A.;Humphries, Steve E.;Danesh, John;Rasheed, Asif;Goel, Anuj;Hamsten, Anders;Watkins, Hugh;Bakker, Stephan J. L.;van Gilst, Wiek H.;Janipalli, Charles S.;Mani, K. Radha;Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.;Hofman, Albert;Mattace-Raso, Francesco U. S.;Oostra, Ben A.;Demirkan, Ayse;Isaacs, Aaron;Rivadeneira, Fernando;Lakatta, Edward G.;Orru, Marco;Scuteri, Angelo;Ala-Korpela, Mika;Kangas, Antti J.;Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka;Soininen, Pasi;Tukiainen, Taru;Wurtz, Peter;Ong, Rick Twee-Hee;Doerr, Marcus;Kroemer, Heyo K.;Voelker, Uwe;Voelzke, Henry;Galan, Pilar;Hercberg, Serge;Lathrop, Mark;Zelenika, Diana;Deloukas, Panos;Mangino, Massimo;Spector, Tim D.;Zhai, Guangju;Meschia, James F.;Nalls, Michael A.;Sharma, Pankaj;Terzic, Janos;Kumar, M. V. Kranthi;Denniff, Matthew;Zukowska-Szczechowska, Ewa;Wagenknecht, Lynne E.;Fowkes, F. Gerald R.;Charchar, Fadi J.;Schwarz, Peter E. H.;Hayward, Caroline;Guo, Xiuqing;Rotimi, Charles;Bots, Michiel L.;Brand, Eva;Samani, Nilesh J.;Polasek, Ozren;Talmud, Philippa J.;Nyberg, Fredrik;Kuh, Diana;Laan, Maris;Hveem, Kristian;Palmer, Lyle J.;van der Schouw, Yvonne T.;Casas, Juan P.;Mohlke, Karen L.;Vineis, Paolo;Raitakari, Olli;Ganesh, Santhi K.;Wong, Tien Y.;Tai, E. Shyong;Cooper, Richard S.;Laakso, Markku;Rao, Dabeeru C.;Harris, Tamara B.;Morris, Richard W.;Dominiczak, Anna F.;Kivimaki, Mika;Marmot, Michael G.;Miki, Tetsuro;Saleheen, Danish;Chandak, Giriraj R.;Coresh, Josef;Navis, Gerjan;Salomaa, Veikko;Han, Bok-Ghee;Zhu, Xiaofeng;Kooner, Jaspal S.;Melander, Olle;Ridker, Paul M.;Bandinelli, Stefania;Gyllensten, Ulf B.;Wright, Alan F.;Wilson, James F.;Ferrucci, Luigi;Farrall, Martin;Tuomilehto, Jaakko;Pramstaller, Peter P.;Elosua, Roberto;Soranzo, Nicole;Sijbrands, Eric J. G.;Altshuler, David;Loos, Ruth J. F.;Shuldiner, Alan R.;Gieger, Christian;Meneton, Pierre;Uitterlinden, Andre G.;Wareham, Nicholas J.;Gudnason, Vilmundur;Rotter, Jerome I.;Rettig, Rainer;Uda, Manuela;Strachan, David P.;Witteman, Jacqueline C. M.;Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa;Beckmann, Jacques S.;Boerwinkle, Eric;Vasan, Ramachandran S.;Boehnke, Michael;Larson, Martin G.;Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta;Psaty, Bruce M.;Abecasis, Goncalo R.;Chakravarti, Aravinda;Elliott, Paul;van Duijn, Cornelia M.;Newton-Cheh, Christopher;Levy, Daniel;Caulfield, Mark J.;Johnson, Toby
通讯作者：
Johnson, Toby
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
GALBRAITH, RF
通讯作者：
GALBRAITH, RF
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9876.2008.00650.x
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Copas, John;Lozada-Can, Claudia
通讯作者：
Lozada-Can, Claudia