Rapid evolution rescues hosts from competition and disease but—despite a dilution effect—increases the density of infected hosts
Rapid evolution rescues hosts from competition and disease but—despite a dilution effect—increases the density of infected hosts
复制标题
快速进化将宿主从竞争和疾病中拯救出来，但尽管存在稀释效应，但增加了受感染宿主的密度
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.1970
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hall, Spencer R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strauss, Alexander T.;Hite, Jessica L.;Shocket, Marta S.;Cáceres, Carla E.;Duffy, Meghan A.;Hall, Spencer R.
剧毒寄生虫会降低宿主的密度。通过稀释效应减少疾病的分类群可能会减轻这种负担。然而，“稀释”类群也可以通过共享资源的竞争来降低寄主密度。疾病和种间竞争的结合甚至可能导致宿主灭绝。然而，基因变异的宿主群体可以针对竞争者和寄生虫而进化。快速进化能否使宿主密度免受这些生态敌人造成的伤害？这种演变如何影响稀释效应或流行病的规模？在浮游宿主的中生态实验中，我们说明了竞争和疾病的共同危害：进化能力有限（表型变异有限）的宿主遭受了两者的极大损害。然而，具有更广泛表型变异的种群在流行病期间进化出更强的竞争能力。反过来，竞争能力的增强（尤其是由寄生虫驱动）使宿主密度免受竞争、疾病，尤其是它们的组合的负面影响。即使宿主快速进化，种间竞争者也会减少疾病（支持稀释效应）。然而，这种进化反应也引发了一个潜在的问题。进化出增强的竞争能力并保持强劲的总密度的种群也支持更高的感染密度。因此，快速进化挽救了宿主密度，但也引发了更大规模的流行病。
Virulent parasites can depress the densities of their hosts. Taxa that reduce disease via dilution effects might alleviate this burden. However, ‘diluter’ taxa can also depress host densities through competition for shared resources. The combination of disease and interspecific competition could even drive hosts extinct. Then again, genetically variable host populations can evolve in response to both competitors and parasites. Can rapid evolution rescue host density from the harm caused by these ecological enemies? How might such evolution influence dilution effects or the size of epidemics? In a mesocosm experiment with planktonic hosts, we illustrate the joint harm of competition and disease: hosts with constrained evolutionary ability (limited phenotypic variation) suffered greatly from both. However, populations starting with broader phenotypic variation evolved stronger competitive ability during epidemics. In turn, enhanced competitive ability—driven especially by parasites—rescued host densities from the negative impacts of competition, disease, and especially their combination. Interspecific competitors reduced disease (supporting dilution effects) even when hosts rapidly evolved. However, this evolutionary response also elicited a potential problem. Populations that evolved enhanced competitive ability and maintained robust total densities also supported higher densities of infections. Thus, rapid evolution rescued host densities but also unleashed larger epidemics.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2013.2371
发表时间：
2013-12-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Dargent, Felipe;Scott, Marilyn E.;Fussmann, Gregor F.
通讯作者：
Fussmann, Gregor F.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Capaul, M;Ebert, D
通讯作者：
Ebert, D
实验性多物种流行病中竞争介导的反馈。
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
T. Dallas;R. Hall;J. Drake
通讯作者：
J. Drake
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Duncan, Alison B.;Fellous, Simon;Kaltz, Oliver
通讯作者：
Kaltz, Oliver
将宿主特征、与竞争对手的相互作用和疾病联系起来：疾病稀释的机制基础
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Alexander T. Strauss;Anna M. Bowling;M. Duffy;C. Cáceres;S. Hall
通讯作者：
S. Hall