Effect of stones on the sand saltation threshold during natural sand and dust storms in a stony desert in Tsogt-Ovoo in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia
Effect of stones on the sand saltation threshold during natural sand and dust storms in a stony desert in Tsogt-Ovoo in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia
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蒙古戈壁沙漠措格特敖包石漠自然沙尘暴期间石头对沙粒跃移阈值的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s40333-021-0072-7
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Maki Takashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buyantogtokh Batjargal;Kurosaki Yasunori;Tsunekawa Atsushi;Tsubo Mitsuru;Gantsetseg Batdelger;Davaadorj Amarsaikhan;Ishizuka Masahide;Sekiyama Tsuyoshi T.;Tanaka Taichu Y.;Maki Takashi
石头和植被等不可侵蚀的元素是控制旱地风蚀和粉尘排放的关键。戈壁沙漠中广泛分布着石质荒漠，但除人工条件下的风蚀和扬尘外，目前对石质荒漠风蚀和扬尘的影响还没有很好的研究。在这项研究中，我们评估了风蚀和粉尘排放的影响，通过测量沙跃移阈值在一个石质沙漠中的Tsogt-Ovoo在戈壁沙漠，蒙古，在自然表面条件下，在沙尘暴。通过测量粗糙度密度来定量计算沙粒的数量，并通过测量风速和沙粒跃移数来确定沙粒跃移的临界摩擦速度。结果表明，岩石的临界摩擦速度随粗糙度的增大而增大。在研究区域的北方部分，既没有观察到地表地壳也没有观察到植被，石头的粗糙度密度在地形凹陷（TD）中为0.000，在北方斜坡（SL）中为0.050，在北方山脉（MT）中为0.160。TD、N.SL和N.MT站点的平均阈值摩擦速度值分别为0.23、0.41和0.57 m/s。在研究区南部，岩石的粗糙度密度值分别为0.000和0.070-0.320的TD和南部的斜坡网站，和平均起动摩擦速度分别为0.23和0.45-0.71 m/s。我们进一步比较了观测到的阈值摩擦速度与模拟阈值摩擦速度使用Raupach的理论粗糙度校正和实测粗糙度密度值，发现Raupach的粗糙度校正工作非常好的模拟在石质沙漠中的阈值摩擦速度。这意味着我们的石头测量结果可以应用于数值尘埃模型。
Non-erodible elements such as stones and vegetation are key to controlling wind erosion and dust emission in drylands. Stony deserts are widely distributed in the Gobi Desert, but the effect of stones on wind erosion and dust emission have not been well studied, except under artificial conditions. In this study, we evaluated the effect of stones on wind erosion and dust emission by measuring the sand saltation threshold in a stony desert in Tsogt-Ovoo in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia, under natural surface conditions during sand and dust storms. We quantified the amount of stones by measuring the roughness density, and determined the threshold friction velocity for sand saltation by measuring wind speed and sand saltation count. Our results showed that the threshold friction velocity increased with the roughness density of stones. In the northern part of the study area, where neither a surface crust nor vegetation was observed, the roughness density of stones was 0.000 in a topographic depression (TD), 0.050 on a northern slope (N.SL), and 0.160 on the northern mountain (N.MT). The mean threshold friction velocity values were 0.23, 0.41, and 0.57 m/s at the TD, N.SL, and N.MT sites, respectively. In the southern part of the study area, the roughness density values of stones were 0.000 and 0.070–0.320 at the TD and southern slope sites, respectively, and the mean threshold friction velocities were 0.23 and 0.45–0.71 m/s, respectively. We further compared the observed threshold friction velocities with simulated threshold friction velocities using Raupach’s theoretical roughness correction and the measured roughness density values, and found that Raupach’s roughness correction worked very well in the simulation of threshold friction velocity in the stony desert. This means that the results of our stone measurement can be applied to a numerical dust model.
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