Palaeobiological inferences based on long bone epiphyseal and diaphyseal structure - the forelimb of xenarthrans (Mammalia)
Palaeobiological inferences based on long bone epiphyseal and diaphyseal structure - the forelimb of xenarthrans (Mammalia)
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基于长骨骨骺和骨干结构的古生物学推论——异种动物（哺乳动物）的前肢
DOI：
10.1101/318121
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nyakatura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nyakatura
实验证明，小梁结构（即骨小梁的主要方向、数量、平均厚度、间距等）能够以极高的精度和灵敏度适应生命期间施加在骨骼上的载荷。然而，小梁参数作为生物体器官机械环境的代理来帮助重建灭绝类群的生活方式的潜力直到最近才开始被开发。此外，这些参数很少与长期使用的中骨干参数相结合来为此类重建提供信息。在这里，我们研究了异类动物，对其已灭绝形式的功能和生态重建特别重要，以便我们从宏观进化角度理解其主要组成分支，即缓步动物（树懒）、食蚁兽（食蚁兽）和犰狳动物（犰狳和已灭绝的近亲）。现代异体动物的生活方式可分为完全陆栖和高度穴居（犰狳）、树栖（部分到完全）和钩拉式挖掘（食蚁兽），或悬吊（完全树栖）和非穴居（树懒）。一些已灭绝物种（尤其是“地懒”）的树栖性和穴居性程度引起了激烈的争论。我们使用高分辨率计算机断层扫描来比较现存和灭绝的异体动物前肢骨的骨骺 3D 结构和中干结构。采用的比较方法旨在通过系统发育的判别分析来推断灭绝类群最可能的生活方式。确定了一些阻碍将现存异种生活方式之一归因于已灭绝树懒样本的挑战。然而，与较大的“地懒”不同的是，即使考虑到系统发育信号，小型 Hapalops（阿根廷中新世）的骨骼结构也与现存树懒的骨骼结构更加相似。
Trabecular architecture (i.e., the main orientation of the bone trabeculae, their number, mean thickness, spacing, etc.) has been shown experimentally to adapt with extreme accuracy and sensitivity to the loadings applied to the bone during life. However, the potential of trabecular parameters used as a proxy for the mechanical environment of an organism’s organ to help reconstruct the lifestyle of extinct taxa has only recently started to be exploited. Furthermore, these parameters are rarely combined to the long-used mid-diaphyseal parameters to inform such reconstructions. Here we investigate xenarthrans, for which functional and ecological reconstructions of extinct forms are particularly important in order to inform our macroevolutionary understanding of their main constitutive clades, i.e., the Tardigrada (sloths), Vermilingua (anteaters), and Cingulata (armadillos and extinct close relatives). The lifestyles of modern xenarthrans can be classified as fully terrestrial and highly fossorial (armadillos), arboreal (partly to fully) and hook-and-pull digging (anteaters), or suspensory (fully arboreal) and non-fossorial (sloths). The degree of arboreality and fossoriality of some extinct forms, “ground sloths” in particular, is highly debated. We used high-resolution computed tomography to compare the epiphyseal 3D architecture and mid-diaphyseal structure of the forelimb bones of extant and extinct xenarthrans. The comparative approach employed aims at inferring the most probable lifestyle of extinct taxa, using a phylogenetically informed discriminant analysis. Several challenges preventing the attribution of one of the extant xenarthran lifestyles to the sampled extinct sloths were identified. Differing from that of the larger “ground sloths”, the bone structure of the small-sizedHapalops(Miocene of Argentina), however, was found as significantly more similar to that of extant sloths, even when accounting for the phylogenetic signal.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Alexandra Houssaye;Katja Waskow;S. Hayashi;R. Cornette;Andrew H Lee;J. Hutchinson
通讯作者：
Alexandra Houssaye;Katja Waskow;S. Hayashi;R. Cornette;Andrew H Lee;J. Hutchinson
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Georgiou L;Kivell TL;Pahr DH;Skinner MM
通讯作者：
Skinner MM
与出版物相关的 3D 模型：灭绝树懒对水生生活方式的进化适应可能导致骨骼结构的系统性改变。
DOI：
10.18563/journal.m3.64
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. Amson;Guillaume Billet;C. Muizon
通讯作者：
C. Muizon
巴塔哥尼亚早期中新世古生物学：阿根廷中新世圣克鲁斯和平图拉斯地层的年代学
影响因子：
2
作者：
M. E. Perkins;J. Fleagle;M. Heizler;B. Nash;T. Bown;A. Tauber;M. Dozo
通讯作者：
M. Dozo
巴塔哥尼亚早期中新世古生物学：索引
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
S. Vizcaino;R. F. Kay;M. Bargo
通讯作者：
M. Bargo