Resource recovery technologies as microbial risk barriers: towards safe use of excreta in agriculture based on hazard analysis and critical control point

Resource recovery technologies as microbial risk barriers: towards safe use of excreta in agriculture based on hazard analysis and critical control point
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作为微生物风险屏障的资源回收技术:基于危害分析和关键控制点实现农业排泄物的安全利用

DOI:
10.1039/d2ew00832g
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sano Daisuke
Sano Daisuke
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Oishi Wakana;Vinneras Bjorn;Sano Daisuke

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农业利用人类排泄物有助于可持续的营养资源管理。相反,从人类排泄物中回收资源与病原微生物感染的风险有关。与人类排泄物相关的微生物风险需要得到适当管理。应评估资源回收技术的病原体灭活效果,以便能够监测作为健康风险屏障的各个资源回收过程。为此,我们回顾了人类排泄物资源化技术的消毒潜力,并确定了危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)的监测参数。我们描述了在选定的技术中的基质的理化条件,不同的替代微生物之间的公差,和灭活机制的替代微生物的灭活。在高温储存、干燥、堆肥、微波和高温消化等热处理过程中,缩短了达到目标对数减少值(LRV)所需的估计储存/操作时间。在大多数过程中,噬菌体和蠕虫卵被认为是保守估计的适当指标。最后,我们认为,消毒是一致的,易降解的有机物和资源回收的分解。应使用病原体灭活动力学模型验证资源回收技术的屏障功效,以便通过合理结合非治疗和非技术性健康风险屏障,充分降低接触传染性病原体的风险。
Agricultural use of human excreta contributes to sustainable nutrient resource management. In contrast, resource recovery from human excreta is associated with the risk of infection by pathogenic microorganisms. The microbial risk associated with human excreta needs to be properly managed. Pathogen inactivation efficacy of resource recovery technologies should be evaluated so that individual resource recovery processes can be monitored as health risk barriers. To this end, we reviewed the sanitization potential of resource recovery technologies from human excreta and identified the monitoring parameters of hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP). We describe the inactivation of surrogate microorganisms in selected technologies in terms of the physicochemical conditions of matrices, different tolerances among surrogate microorganisms, and inactivation mechanisms. The estimated storage/operating time required to achieve the target log reduction values (LRVs) is shortened in thermal processes such as thermophilic storage, drying, composting, microwaving, and thermophilic digestion. In most processes, phage and helminth eggs were found to be appropriate indicators for conservative estimation. Finally, we argue that sanitization is congruent with decomposition of readily degradable organic matter and resource recovery. The barrier efficacy of resource recovery technologies should be validated using a pathogen inactivation kinetics model so that the exposure risk to infectious pathogens is sufficiently reduced through a reasonable combination of non-treatment and non-technical health risk barriers.
在贫困农村地区通过太阳能消毒进行尿液处理以实现农业再利用:布基纳法索的案例
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