Impact of nicotine reduction in cigarettes on smoking behavior and exposure: Are there differences by race/ethnicity, educational attainment, or gender?
Impact of nicotine reduction in cigarettes on smoking behavior and exposure: Are there differences by race/ethnicity, educational attainment, or gender?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108756
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hatsukami DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carroll DM;Lindgren BR;Dermody SS;Denlinger-Apte R;Egbert A;Cassidy RN;Smith TT;Pacek LR;Allen AM;Tidey JW;Parks MJ;Koopmeiners JS;Donny EC;Hatsukami DK
降低香烟中的尼古丁含量可能会降低吸烟率；然而，对于所有人群来说，立即或逐步减少尼古丁是不是最好的方法尚不清楚。我们研究了减少尼古丁的最佳方法是否取决于吸烟者的教育、性别或种族，以及最佳方法是否根据他们的教育、性别或种族而不同地使吸烟者受益。二次分析是在随机临床试验(N=1250)上进行的，比较(1)立即将每克烟草的尼古丁含量从15.5毫克减少到0.4毫克(mg/g)；(2)逐渐减少到0.4毫克/克；(3)对照组使用正常尼古丁香烟(15.5毫克/克)。结果包括每天吸烟(CPD)、一氧化碳(CO)、总尼古丁当量(TNE)、4-(甲基亚硝氨基)-1-(3-吡啶)-1-丁醇及其葡萄糖醛酸苷(NNAL)、菲四醇(Pet)、N-乙酰-S-(2-氰乙基)-L-半胱氨酸(CEMA)。以曲线下面积(AUC)的形式进行分析。结果按教育程度(高中或以下n=505人，超过高中n=745人)、性别(男性701人，女性549人)和种族(黑人参与者n=373，白人参与者n=758)呈现。无论受教育程度、性别和种族，CPD、CO、TNE、NNAL、PHET和CEMA在尼古丁即刻和渐进性减少中均较低。与对照组相比，所有亚组的即刻结果都较低；然而，对TNE的影响程度因种族而异。具体地说，在黑人参与者和白人参与者中，即刻和逐步的TNE的AUC的几何平均值分别低49%和61%(p值=0.047)。立即减少香烟中的尼古丁有可能造福于教育程度较低和较高学历、男女以及黑人和白人种族的吸烟者。
Lowering nicotine in cigarettes may reduce smoking prevalences; however, it is not known whether an immediate or gradual reduction in nicotine is the optimal approach for all population groups. We examined whether the optimal approach to nicotine reduction depended on the education, gender, or race of people who smoke and whether the optimal approach differentially benefited people who smoke based on their education, gender, or race. Secondary analysis was conducted on a randomized clinical trial (N=1,250) comparing (1) immediate reduction from 15.5 to 0.4 mg of nicotine per gram of tobacco(mg/g);(2) gradual reduction to 0.4 mg/g;(3) control group with normal nicotine cigarettes(15.5 mg/g). Outcomes included cigarettes per day(CPD), carbon monoxide(CO), total nicotine equivalents(TNE), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides(NNAL), phenanthrene tetraol(PheT), N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine(CEMA). Data were analyzed as area under the curve(AUC). Results were presented by education (High school[HS] or less n=505, more than HS n=745), gender (males n=701, females n=549), and race (Black participants n=373,White participants n=758). Regardless of education, gender, and race, CPD, CO, TNE, NNAL, PheT, and CEMA were lower in immediate versus gradual nicotine reduction. Comparing immediate versus the control, outcomes were lower for all subgroups; however, the magnitude of the effect for TNE varied by race. Specifically, geometric mean of the AUC of TNE in immediate versus gradual was 49% lower in Black participants and 61% lower in White participants (p-value=0.047). Immediately reducing nicotine in cigarettes has the potential to benefit people who smoke across lower and higher educational attainment, male and female gender, and Black and White race.
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影响因子：
6
作者：
Hatsukami, Dorothy K.;Kotlyar, Michael;Hecht, Stephen S.
通讯作者：
Hecht, Stephen S.
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Hatsukami, Dorothy K.;Luo, Xianghua;Donny, Eric C.
通讯作者：
Donny, Eric C.
影响因子：
25.8
作者：
Higgins, Stephen T.;Heil, Sarah H.;Tursi, Lauren
通讯作者：
Tursi, Lauren
结构性种族主义，社会危险因素和共同-19-对黑人美国人的危险融合。
DOI：
10.1056/nejmp2023616
发表时间：
2020-09-17
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Egede LE;Walker RJ
通讯作者：
Walker RJ
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Higgins ST;Tidey JW;Sigmon SC;Heil SH;Gaalema DE;Lee D;Hughes JR;Villanti AC;Bunn JY;Davis DR;Bergeria CL;Streck JM;Parker MA;Miller ME;DeSarno M;Priest JS;Cioe P;MacLeod D;Barrows A;Markesich C;Harfmann RF
通讯作者：
Harfmann RF