Natural history of human rotavirus infection.
Natural history of human rotavirus infection.
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人类轮状病毒感染的自然史。
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-7091-6553-9_14
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Bishop
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Bishop
轮状病毒感染反复发生在人类从出生到老年。大多数是无症状或与轻度肠道症状。幼儿感染可伴有严重危及生命的腹泻，最常见于原发感染后。全世界儿童严重腹泻的年发病率相似。发达国家的死亡率很低，但发展中国家的幼儿死亡率每年接近100万。轮状病毒可根据VP 6（主要衣壳抗原）上的抗原组分为A-E组。只有A、B和C组轮状病毒已被证明感染人类，大多数人类轮状病毒病是由A组病毒引起的。基于分别鉴定外衣壳蛋白VP 7和VP 4上的抗原，这些进一步分为G型和P型。大多数严重的幼儿感染是由血清型G1-4引起的，在过去的二十年中，G1感染似乎在世界范围内占主导地位。一般而言，人口较密集的国家显示出最复杂的血清型发生模式。临床轮状病毒病可伴有> 10（12）轮状病毒颗粒/gm粪便的脱落。该病毒具有高度传染性，并且似乎在数月内保持传染性。在温带气候中，疾病在较冷的月份最为常见，此时很可能在家庭和社区内迅速传播。医院感染是常见的，轮状病毒可以成为产科医院新生儿托儿所的地方病。尽管A组轮状病毒广泛存在于所有哺乳动物物种的幼仔中，但很少（如果有的话）人类轮状病毒感染似乎是人畜共患病。然而，可能发生人-动物来源的耐药轮状病毒株对人的感染。这在多大程度上促成了特定国家（或全世界）内的新流行毒株仍有待确定。
Rotavirus infections occur repeatedly in humans from birth to old age. Most are asymptomatic or are associated with mild enteric symptoms. Infection in young children can be accompanied by severe life-threatening diarrhea, most commonly after primary infection. Annual childhood morbidity rates for severe diarrhea are similar worldwide. Mortality rates are low in developed countries but approach 1,000,000 annually in young children in developing countries. Rotaviruses can be classified into Groups A-E according to antigenic groups on VP6, the major capsid antigen. Only Group A,B and C rotaviruses have been shown to infect humans, and most human rotavirus disease is caused by Group A viruses. These are further classified into G and P types based on identification of antigens on the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4 respectively. Most severe infections in young children are caused by serotypes G1-4, and during the last two decades, G1 infections appear to have predominated worldwide. In general the more densely populated countries show the most complex patterns of occurrence of serotypes. Clinical rotavirus disease can be accompanied by shedding of > 10(12) rotavirus particles/gm feces. The virus is highly infectious and appears to retain infectivity over many months. In temperate climates, disease is most common during the colder months, when it is likely that rapid spread within families and communities occurs. Nosocomial infections are frequent, and rotaviruses can become endemic within obstetric hospital nurseries for the newborn. Few (if any) human rotavirus infections appear to be zoonoses, even though Group A rotaviruses are widespread in the young of all mammalian species. However infection of humans with reassortant rotavirus strains derived from human-animal sources can occur. The extent to which this contributes to new epidemic strains within particular countries (or worldwide) remains to be determined.
前瞻性监测的美洲印第安人群体中轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学。
DOI：
10.1093/infdis/152.4.778
发表时间：
1985
期刊：
The Journal of infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Santosham,M;Yolken,RH;Wyatt,RG;Bertrando,R;Black,RE;Spira,WM;Sack,RB
通讯作者：
Sack,RB