Heat flux in manatees: an individual matter and a novel approach to assess and monitor the thermal state of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
Heat flux in manatees: an individual matter and a novel approach to assess and monitor the thermal state of Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)
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海牛的热通量：评估和监测佛罗里达海牛（Trichechus manatus latirostris）热状态的个体问题和新方法
DOI：
10.1007/s00360-018-1152-7
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reynolds J. E. III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erdsack N;McCully Phillips S. R;Rommel S. A;Pabst D. A;McLellan W. A;Reynolds J. E. III
佛罗里达海牛（Trichechus manatus latirostris）拥有一套不寻常的适应，以适应完全的水生生活方式和草食性饮食，包括低代谢率和非常有限的热中性区。它们的临界温度较低，约为20 °C，这表明它们对寒冷很敏感，因此限制了它们在热带和亚热带沃茨的分布。“冷应激综合征”每年都会在强烈或长时间的寒冷天气中影响并杀死佛罗里达海牛，是海牛的主要威胁之一。然而，关于海牛体温调节的知识很少，但对于有效保护和管理这一受威胁的物种至关重要。我们测量了热通量在两个圈养佛罗里达海牛在多个时间的一年中，在41个网站分布在整个身体表面的每只海牛。热通量显着不同的个人之间，身体部位和时间的一年。胸鳍和腋窝被确定为具有最高热交换的区域。尽管全年暴露在恒定的水温下，这项研究中的海牛冬季的热通量明显低于夏季。我们用测得的热通量值来计算个体海牛的总散热量。以这种方式估计的值与以前研究中估计的低代谢率很好地对应，证实了我们新方法的可靠性。我们的方法提供了简单而有用的选项，通过监测动物的热状态，在潜在的压力活动，如在医疗，捕获限制和运输，以提高海牛的福利。
Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) possess an unusual suite of adaptations to accommodate both a fully aquatic lifestyle and an herbivorous diet, including a low metabolic rate and a very limited thermoneutral zone. Their relatively high lower critical temperature of around 20 °C suggests strong sensitivity to cold, thereby limiting their distribution to tropical and subtropical waters. “Cold stress syndrome” affects and kills Florida manatees every year during intense or prolonged cold weather, posing one of the major threats to manatees. However, knowledge regarding manatee thermoregulation is sparse, but essential for effective conservation and management of this threatened species. We measured heat flux in two captive Florida manatees at multiple times of the year, at 41 sites distributed across the entire body surface of each manatee. Heat flux differed significantly between individuals, and among body sites and times of the year. The pectoral flippers and axillae were identified as areas with highest heat exchange. Despite exposure to constant water temperature throughout the year, the manatees in this study had significantly lower heat flux in winter than in summer. We used the measured heat flux values to calculate total heat dissipation in individual manatees. The values estimated this way correspond well with the low metabolic rates estimated in previous studies, confirming the reliability of our novel approach. Our method provides simple and useful options for enhancing manatee welfare by monitoring the animals’ thermal state during potentially stressful activities such as during medical treatment, capture restraints and transportation.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1942
期刊：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
Kate J. Willis;M. Horning;D. Rosen;A. Trites
通讯作者：
A. Trites
DOI：
10.5860/choice.40-2173
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Hoelzel
通讯作者：
A. Hoelzel