Pretense, Counterfactuals, and Bayesian Causal Models: Why What Is Not Real Really Matters
Pretense, Counterfactuals, and Bayesian Causal Models: Why What Is Not Real Really Matters
复制标题
假装、反事实和贝叶斯因果模型：为什么不真实的东西真的很重要
DOI：
10.1111/cogs.12069
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
A. Gopnik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Weisberg;A. Gopnik
年幼的孩子大部分时间都在假装非真实的情况。为什么？我们通过使用贝叶斯因果模型的框架来回答这个问题，认为假装推理和反事实推理涉及相同的认知能力：脱离当前现实，对现实的替代表示进行推断，并将这种表示与现实分开。反过来，根据因果模型的说法，反事实推理是孩子们规划未来和了解世界所需的重要工具。使用因果模型进行规划和了解它们都需要能够创建错误的前提并从这些前提中得出结论。我们认为，假装可以让孩子练习这些重要的认知技能。我们还考虑了儿童游戏中普遍存在的不切实际的场景，并解释了它们如何对学习有用，尽管表面上情况恰恰相反。
Young children spend a large portion of their time pretending about non-real situations. Why? We answer this question by using the framework of Bayesian causal models to argue that pretending and counterfactual reasoning engage the same component cognitive abilities: disengaging with current reality, making inferences about an alternative representation of reality, and keeping this representation separate from reality. In turn, according to causal models accounts, counterfactual reasoning is a crucial tool that children need to plan for the future and learn about the world. Both planning with causal models and learning about them require the ability to create false premises and generate conclusions from these premises. We argue that pretending allows children to practice these important cognitive skills. We also consider the prevalence of unrealistic scenarios in children's play and explain how they can be useful in learning, despite appearances to the contrary.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
J. Woolley;H. Wellman
通讯作者：
J. Woolley;H. Wellman
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Onishi, Kristine H.;Baillargeon, Renee;Leslie, Alan M.
通讯作者：
Leslie, Alan M.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Gopnik, A;Glymour, C;Danks, D
通讯作者：
Danks, D