New insights into the manual activities of individuals from the Phaleron cemetery (Archaic Athens, Greece)
New insights into the manual activities of individuals from the Phaleron cemetery (Archaic Athens, Greece)
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对法勒伦墓地（希腊古雅典）个体手工活动的新见解
DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2021.105415
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Waltenberger, Lukas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karakostis, Fotios Alexandros;Buikstra, Jane E.;Prevedorou, Eleanna;Hannigan, Elizabeth M.;Hotaling, Jessica;Hotz, Gerhard;Liedl, Hannah;Moraitis, Konstantinos;Siek, Thomas J.;Waltenberger, Lukas
直到公元前世纪早期，Phaleron湾是古代雅典（希腊）的主要港口。在它的海岸，考古学家发现了古希腊最大的已知墓地之一，包括一系列的埋葬形式，简单的坑，火葬，larnaces（粘土桶），以及一系列男性个体的埋葬，他们似乎死于暴力死亡，这里被称为“非典型埋葬”。重建这些人的骨骼传记将有助于更深入地了解古典雅典崛起之前的社会政治状况。在这里，我们评估的习惯性手动行为的人的古希腊Phaleron（约。公元前7 - 6世纪），依靠一种新的精确的三维方法来重建基于手部肌肉附着部位的身体活动。这种方法最近在实验室动物样本以及最近的人类骨骼上得到了验证，这些骨骼具有详细的长期职业记录（即，世纪中期巴塞尔斯皮塔弗里德霍夫样本）。我们的Phaleron样本由48个保存完好的手骨骼组成，其中14个对应于非典型埋葬。我们的研究结果确定了一致的差异，在习惯性的手动行为之间的非典型埋葬和休息。前者在大多数骨骼中呈现出独特的权力攫取倾向，后者的表现明显较少（p值<0.01和0.03）。根据与唯一记录的巴塞尔样本（45人）的比较，这种非典型埋葬的附着点模式只在长期的重体力劳动者中发现。这些研究结果揭示了一个重要的活动之间的差异典型的Phaleron墓地和非典型的埋葬，这表明后者可能涉及独特的，艰苦的手工活动。这项初步研究的结果是重建这些人类骨骼遗骸身份的重要的第一步。未来的研究可以通过发现更多保存完好的手骨骼并将我们的分析扩展到其他解剖区域来进一步阐明这些人的职业概况。
Until the early 5th century BC, Phaleron Bay was the main port of ancient Athens (Greece). On its shore, archaeologists have discovered one of the largest known cemeteries in ancient Greece, including a range of burial forms, simple pits, cremations,larnaces(clay tubs), and series of burials of male individuals who appear to have died violent deaths, referred to here as “atypical burials”. Reconstructing the osteobiographies of these individuals will help create a deeper understanding of the socio-political conditions preceding the rise of Classical Athens. Here, we assess the habitual manual behavior of the people of Archaic Phaleron (ca. 7th – 6th cent. BC), relying on a new and precise three-dimensional method for reconstructing physical activity based on hand muscle attachment sites. This approach has been recently validated on laboratory animal samples as well as on recent human skeletons with a detailed level of long-term occupational documentation (i.e., the mid-19th century Basel Spitalfriedhof sample). Our Phaleron sample consists of 48 adequately preserved hand skeletons, of which 14 correspond to atypical burials. Our results identified consistent differences in habitual manual behaviors between atypical burials and the rest. The former present a distinctive power-grasping tendency in most skeletons, which was significantly less represented in the latter (p-values of <0.01 and 0.03). Based on a comparison with the uniquely documented Basel sample (45 individuals), this entheseal pattern of the atypical burials was exclusively found in long-term heavy manual laborers. These findings reveal an important activity difference between burials typical for the Phaleron cemetery and atypical burials, suggesting that the latter were likely involved in distinctive, strenuous manual activities. The results of this pilot study comprise an important first step towards reconstructing the identity of these human skeletal remains. Future research can further elucidate the occupational profiles of these individuals through the discovery of additional well-preserved hand skeletons and by extending our analyses to other anatomical regions.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Yamashita T;Tanaka Y;Nagoshi M;Ishida K
通讯作者：
Ishida K
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Wallace IJ;Winchester JM;Su A;Boyer DM;Konow N
通讯作者：
Konow N
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
I. Morris
通讯作者：
I. Morris
古希腊和古典希腊的贵族与体育
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
N. Nicholson
通讯作者：
N. Nicholson
肌肉骨骼评估：关节活动范围和手动肌肉力量
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1989
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
H. Clarkson
通讯作者：
H. Clarkson