Fear and exploration in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): a comparison of hand-reared and wild-caught birds.
Fear and exploration in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): a comparison of hand-reared and wild-caught birds.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0019074
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发表时间：
2011-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bateson M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feenders G;Klaus K;Bateson M
欧盟立法的修订将禁止在科学程序中使用野生动物。这种变化部分是基于这样一种假设，即圈养产生的动物恐惧感减少。以前，我们已经表明，手饲养的椋鸟（Sturnus vulgaris）确实表现出减少对人类的恐惧相比，野生捕获的同种。在这里，我们问这种减少恐惧的手饲养的鸟类是有限的恐惧人类或扩展到更普遍的恐惧新的环境和新的对象。将实验室人工饲养的6-8个月大的鸟类与至少1个月前从野外捕获的年龄匹配的鸟类进行比较，我们检查了鸟类在新环境（小笼子）中的初始反应，发现野生捕获的椋鸟比人工饲养的鸟类更快地开始运动。我们将这种差异解释为野生捕获鸟类更大的逃跑动机的证据。相比之下，我们发现，在新的对象测试假设测量新恐惧症和探索行为测试时，手工饲养和野生捕获的鸟类之间没有差异。此外，我们发现在不同的测试中，单个鸟类的反应之间没有相关性，这支持了这些测试测量不同特征（例如恐惧和探索）的想法。总之，我们的数据表明，发展的起源影响一个措施的反应，以新颖的年轻椋鸟，表示在紧张的情况下，无论是恐惧或应对方式的差异。我们的数据有助于越来越多的文献证明早期生活经验对一系列物种后来的行为的影响。然而，由于我们没有找到一致的证据，减少恐惧的手饲养的鸟类，我们仍然不可知的福利效益的手饲养作为一种方法，采购野生鸟类的行为和生理研究。
The revision of EU legislation will ban the use of wild-caught animals in scientific procedures. This change is partially predicated on the assumption that captive-rearing produces animals with reduced fearfulness. Previously, we have shown that hand-reared starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) indeed exhibit reduced fear of humans compared to wild-caught conspecifics. Here, we asked whether this reduction in fear in hand-reared birds is limited to fear of humans or extends more generally to fear of novel environments and novel objects. Comparing 6–8 month old birds hand-reared in the lab with age-matched birds caught from the wild as fledged juveniles a minimum of 1 month previously, we examined the birds' initial reactions in a novel environment (a small cage) and found that wild-caught starlings were faster to initiate movement compared to the hand-reared birds. We interpret this difference as evidence for greater escape motivation in the wild-caught birds. In contrast, we found no differences between hand-reared and wild-caught birds when tested in novel object tests assumed to measure neophobia and exploratory behaviour. Moreover, we found no correlations between individual bird's responses in the different tests, supporting the idea that these measure different traits (e.g. fear and exploration). In summary, our data show that developmental origin affects one measure of response to novelty in young starlings, indicative of a difference in either fear or coping style in a stressful situation. Our data contribute to a growing literature demonstrating effects of early-life experience on later behaviour in a range of species. However, since we did not find consistent evidence for reduced fearfulness in hand-reared birds, we remain agnostic about the welfare benefits of hand-rearing as a method for sourcing wild birds for behavioural and physiological research.
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