Hand-rearing reduces fear of humans in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris.
Hand-rearing reduces fear of humans in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0017466
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发表时间：
2011-02-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bateson M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feenders G;Bateson M
欧洲立法即将修改，禁止在研究中使用野生动物。这种变化在一定程度上是合理的，因为假设圈养（或人工饲养）增加了圈养动物的福利，因为这些做法导致动物对人类的恐惧减少。然而，关于圈养繁殖对非家养物种的长期行为影响的实际数据很少，为了了解采用这种做法的福利和科学后果，迫切需要这些数据。我们比较了人工饲养和野外捕获的椋鸟对实验室中人类存在的反应。当人类出现时，所有的鸟都增加了它们的一般运动活动，但野生捕获的鸟远离人类，比人工饲养的鸟更不活跃。在人类离开后，野生捕获的鸟类活动降低到基线水平的速度较慢，并且与人工饲养的鸟类相比，在笼子外围的时间显着增加。我们将这些数据解释为野生捕获的鸟类有更大的恐惧反应的证据，最初是退缩，随后是长时间试图逃离笼子的反弹。我们没有发现环境富集的影响。然而，低架子笼子里的鸟比高架子笼子里的鸟更不活跃，而且在人类离开后，在笼子边缘呆的时间增加得更多，这可能表明低架子笼子的压力更大。在证明人工饲养的鸟类对人类的恐惧减少的过程中，我们的研究结果支持了这种做法所提出的福利效益之一，但由于没有关于人工饲养可能的福利成本的进一步数据，目前还不可能得出关于其净福利影响的一般结论。然而，我们的研究结果在行为水平上证实了人工饲养和笼子位置的明显科学影响。
Pending changes in European legislation ban the use of wild-caught animals in research. This change is partly justified on the assumption that captive-breeding (or hand-rearing) increases welfare of captive animals because these practices result in animals with reduced fear of humans. However, there are few actual data on the long-term behavioural effects of captive-breeding in non-domestic species, and these are urgently needed in order to understand the welfare and scientific consequences of adopting this practice. We compared the response of hand-reared and wild-caught starlings to the presence of a human in the laboratory. During human presence, all birds increased their general locomotor activity but the wild-caught birds moved away from the human and were less active than the hand-reared birds. After the human departed, the wild-caught birds were slower to decrease their activity back towards baseline levels, and showed a dramatic increase in time at the periphery of the cage compared with the hand-reared birds. We interpret these data as showing evidence of a greater fear response in wild-caught birds with initial withdrawal followed by a subsequent rebound of prolonged attempts to escape the cage. We found no effects of environmental enrichment. However, birds in cages on low shelves were less active than birds on upper shelves, and showed a greater increase in the time spent at the periphery of their cages after the human departed, perhaps indicating that the lower cages were more stressful. In demonstrating reduced fear of humans in hand-reared birds, our results support one of the proposed welfare benefits of this practice, but without further data on the possible welfare costs of hand-rearing, it is not yet possible to reach a general conclusion about its net welfare impact. However, our results confirm a clear scientific impact of both hand-rearing and cage position at the behavioural level.
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作者：
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