Degeneracy allows for both apparent homogeneity and diversification in populations.
Degeneracy allows for both apparent homogeneity and diversification in populations.
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退化允许人口的明显同质性和多样化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.08.003
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发表时间：
2012-10
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Atamas, Sergei P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Whitacre, James M.;Atamas, Sergei P.
性状多样性——自然选择的基础——是通过选择适应的必要条件，特别是在面临环境变化降低种群适应性的种群中。在多代不变的生境中，稳定选择通过将性状多样性缩小到一个狭窄的最优范围来最大化地利用资源。人们可能会认为，这些表面上同质的种群在面对降低适应性的环境变化时，遗传适应性反应的潜力会降低。然而，实地研究证明，即使经过长时间的进化停滞，种群仍然可以快速进化以应对变化的环境条件。我们认为，简并性，即不同种群元素相似功能的能力，既可以满足当前对适应度最大化的需求，也可以满足未来对多样性的需求。简并集成系统在某些环境中表现为功能冗余，而在其他环境中表现为功能多样化。我们提出，在当前群体中，不影响观察到的表型范围的遗传变异，也称为隐性遗传变异（CGV），是退化的具体情况。我们认为CGV在稳定环境下的静态种群中逐渐积累，在环境变化时显示出隐藏的性状差异。通过允许CGV积累，静态种群为未来快速适应新环境做好了准备。进一步认识退化在解决当前稳定选择和未来定向选择之间的内在紧张关系中的作用，在保护生物学中具有重要意义，并可应用于社会和技术系统，以最大化当前性能，同时加强未来变化的潜力。
Trait diversity – the substrate for natural selection – is necessary for adaptation through selection, particularly in populations faced with environmental changes that diminish population fitness. In habitats that remain unchanged for many generations, stabilizing selection maximizes exploitation of resources by reducing trait diversity to a narrow optimal range. One might expect that such ostensibly homogeneous populations would have a reduced potential for heritable adaptive responses when faced with fitness-reducing environmental changes. However, field studies have documented populations that, even after long periods of evolutionary stasis, can still rapidly evolve in response to changed environmental conditions. We argue that degeneracy, the ability of diverse population elements to function similarly, can satisfy both the current need to maximize fitness and the future need for diversity. Degenerate ensembles appear functionally redundant in certain environmental contexts and functionally diverse in others. We propose that genetic variation not contributing to the observed range of phenotypes in a current population, also known as cryptic genetic variation (CGV), is a specific case of degeneracy. We argue that CGV, which gradually accumulates in static populations in stable environments, reveals hidden trait differences when environments change. By allowing CGV accumulation, static populations prepare themselves for future rapid adaptations to environmental novelty. A greater appreciation of degeneracy’s role in resolving the inherent tension between current stabilizing selection and future directional selection has implications in conservation biology and may be applied in social and technological systems to maximize current performance while strengthening the potential for future changes.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1137809100
发表时间：
2003-05-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Brady, SG
通讯作者：
Brady, SG
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.231499798
发表时间：
2001-11-20
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Edelman, GM;Gally, JA
通讯作者：
Gally, JA
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Berger, David;Bauerfeind, Stephanie Sandra;Schaefer, Martin Andreas
通讯作者：
Schaefer, Martin Andreas
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Boyce, MS;Kirsch, EM;Servheen, C
通讯作者：
Servheen, C
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Calis JJ;de Boer RJ;Keşmir C
通讯作者：
Keşmir C