Towards an acoustic‐based coupled observation and modelling system for monitoring and predicting ecosystem dynamics of the open ocean
Towards an acoustic‐based coupled observation and modelling system for monitoring and predicting ecosystem dynamics of the open ocean
复制标题
建立基于声学的耦合观测和建模系统，用于监测和预测公海生态系统动态
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-2979.2012.00480.x
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
O. Godø
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Handegard;L. Buisson;P. Brehmer;Stewart Chalmers;A. D. Robertis;G. Huse;Rudy J. Kloser;G. Macaulay;O. Maury;P. Ressler;N. Stenseth;O. Godø
评估公海生态系统依赖于对生态系统动态的理解，而端到端生态系统模型的开发是应对这些挑战的一种方法。这些模型纳入了所有营养级海洋生物的种群结构和动态。海洋颜色的卫星遥感和直接海上测量提供了关于模型中较低营养水平的信息，渔业研究提供了关于顶级捕食物种的信息。然而，这些模型缺乏对所谓的中营养水平的观测，而传统方法对中营养水平的采样很差。这限制了进一步的发展，我们认为，从一系列的平台（如浮标，系泊）的声学观测可以连接到生态系统模型，提供急需的信息，这些营养水平。为了实现这一目标，需要对模型进行调整，以纳入可用的声学数据，以及从声学后向散射到生物相关变量（生物量，碳等）的联系。需要关注提出了推进这一问题的方法，包括开发观测模型和地面实况调查的重点领域。为了确保充分利用声学技术的潜力，我们认为，一个系统的和长期的战略，包括以下要素是必要的：发展的元数据标准和自动化数据分析，包括声学传感器在大型观测计划，改善观测模型的链接，和有效的采样策略。最后，这些要素应在国际组织协调下，在一个观测-建模框架中结合在一起，以改善我们对公海生态系统动态的理解和量化。
Assessment of open-ocean ecosystems relies on understanding ecosystem dynamics, and development of end-to-end ecosystem models represents an approach that addresses these challenges. These models incorporate the population structure and dynamics of marine organisms at all trophic levels. Satellite remote sensing of ocean colour and direct at-sea measurements provide information on the lower trophic levels of the models, and fisheries studies provide information on top predator species. However, these models suffer from a lack of observations for the so-called mid-trophic levels, which are poorly sampled by conventional methods. This restricts further development, and we argue that acoustic observations from a range of platforms (e.g. buoys, moorings) can be linked to the ecosystem models to provide much-needed information on these trophic levels. To achieve this, the models need to be tailored to incorporate the available acoustic data, and the link from acoustic backscatter to biologically relevant variables (biomass, carbon, etc.) needs attention. Methods to progress this issue are proposed, including the development of observation models and focal areas for ground truthing. To ensure full use of the potential of acoustic techniques, we argue that a systematic and long-term strategy incorporating the following elements is required: development of metadata standards and automated data analysis, inclusion of acoustic sensors in large-scale observatory programmes, improvement of observation-model links, and efficient sampling strategies. Finally, these elements should be tied together in an observation-modelling framework, coordinated by international organizations, to improve our understanding and quantification of open-ocean ecosystem dynamics.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Fulton, Elizabeth A.
通讯作者：
Fulton, Elizabeth A.