Virus-Based Immuno-Oncology Models.
Virus-Based Immuno-Oncology Models.
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DOI：
10.3390/biomedicines10061441
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发表时间：
2022-06-18
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
近年来，免疫疗法已被广泛探索，在选定类型的癌症中取得了令人鼓舞的结果。这种成功引起了人们对扩大这种适应症的兴趣，这需要深入了解免疫系统在致癌作用中的复杂作用。热肿瘤与冷肿瘤的定义以及肿瘤微环境的作用，启发了人们对实体瘤对免疫检查点抑制剂的低应答率的模糊理解。虽然在文献中发现的主要范围集中在T细胞调节上，但先天免疫系统也是一种有前途的溶瘤工具。肿瘤免疫抑制途径的揭示，导致联合靶向治疗的发展，试图增加免疫浸润能力。溶瘤病毒已经在不同的情况下进行了探索，与各种化疗药物组合，最近，与免疫检查点抑制剂组合。此外，溶瘤病毒可以被工程化以表达肿瘤特异性促炎细胞因子、抗体和抗原，以增强免疫应答或阻断免疫抑制机制。开发能够复制人类免疫应答的临床前模型是这些研究面临的主要挑战之一。深入了解免疫治疗和溶瘤病毒的机制对于开发具有更高成功临床治疗应用机会的可靠临床前模型至关重要。因此，在这篇文章中，我们回顾了目前的概念，在癌症免疫治疗，包括固有的和综合的免疫增强机制，利用溶瘤病毒，免疫靶向，和可用的临床前动物模型，其优点和局限性。
Immunotherapy has been extensively explored in recent years with encouraging results in selected types of cancer. Such success aroused interest in the expansion of such indications, requiring a deep understanding of the complex role of the immune system in carcinogenesis. The definition of hot vs. cold tumors and the role of the tumor microenvironment enlightened the once obscure understanding of low response rates of solid tumors to immune check point inhibitors. Although the major scope found in the literature focuses on the T cell modulation, the innate immune system is also a promising oncolytic tool. The unveiling of the tumor immunosuppressive pathways, lead to the development of combined targeted therapies in an attempt to increase immune infiltration capability. Oncolytic viruses have been explored in different scenarios, in combination with various chemotherapeutic drugs and, more recently, with immune check point inhibitors. Moreover, oncolytic viruses may be engineered to express tumor specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, antibodies, and antigens to enhance immunologic response or block immunosuppressive mechanisms. Development of preclinical models capable to replicate the human immunologic response is one of the major challenges faced by these studies. A thorough understanding of immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses’ mechanics is paramount to develop reliable preclinical models with higher chances of successful clinical therapy application. Thus, in this article, we review current concepts in cancer immunotherapy including the inherent and synthetic mechanisms of immunologic enhancement utilizing oncolytic viruses, immune targeting, and available preclinical animal models, their advantages, and limitations.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Bandola-Simon J;Roche PA
通讯作者：
Roche PA
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Dillman RO
通讯作者：
Dillman RO
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Denton NL;Chen CY;Scott TR;Cripe TP
通讯作者：
Cripe TP
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的细胞和分子起源。
DOI：
10.1126/science.1252510
发表时间：
2014-05-23
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Franklin RA;Liao W;Sarkar A;Kim MV;Bivona MR;Liu K;Pamer EG;Li MO
通讯作者：
Li MO
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
De Carlo, Flavia;Thomas, Litty;Howard, Candace M.
通讯作者：
Howard, Candace M.