Breaking the Accessibility Barrier in Non-Visual Interaction with PDF Forms
Breaking the Accessibility Barrier in Non-Visual Interaction with PDF Forms
复制标题
使用 PDF 表单打破非视觉交互的无障碍障碍
DOI：
10.1145/3397868
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ramakrishnan, IV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uckun, Utku;Aydin, Ali Selman;Ashok, Vikas;Ramakrishnan, IV
PDF表单无处不在。大大小小的企业、政府机构、卫生和教育机构以及许多其他机构都接受了PDF表单。人们使用PDF表单向这些实体提供信息。但是盲人经常发现用屏幕阅读器填写PDF表格非常困难，屏幕阅读器是他们用于与计算机应用程序交互的标准辅助软件。首先，其中许多甚至无法访问，因为它们是非交互式的，因此无法在计算机上编辑。其次，即使它们是交互式的，也不总是容易将正确的标签与表单字段相关联，因为标签没有意义，或者屏幕阅读器的顺序阅读顺序错过了将正确的标签与字段相关联的视觉提示。在本文中，我们提出了一个解决方案的PDF表单的可访问性问题。我们利用这样一个事实，即许多有视觉障碍的人都熟悉网页浏览，并精通填写网页表格。因此，我们通过高保真转换过程在PDF表单上创建一个Web表单层，该过程试图保留PDF元素的所有空间关系，包括表单，它们的标签和文本内容。盲人只与Web表单交互，填写的Web表单字段将透明地传输到PDF表单中的相应字段。优化算法自动调整PDF字段的长度和宽度，以适应任意大小的字段数据。这可以确保填写的PDF文档没有任何截断的表单字段值，并且它是可读的。一项针对14名视觉障碍用户的用户研究显示，他们能够填充比现状更多的表单字段，并且与现状相比，建议界面的自我报告用户体验上级现状。
PDF forms are ubiquitous. Businesses big and small, government agencies, health and educational institutions and many others have all embraced PDF forms. People use PDF forms for providing information to these entities. But people who are blind frequently find it very difficult to fill out PDF forms with screen readers, the standard assistive software that they use for interacting with computer applications. Firstly, many of the them are not even accessible as they are non-interactive and hence not editable on a computer. Secondly, even if they are interactive, it is not always easy to associate the correct labels with the form fields, either because the labels are not meaningful or the sequential reading order of the screen reader misses the visual cues that associate the correct labels with the fields. In this paper we present a solution to the accessibility problem of PDF forms. We leverage the fact that many people with visual impairments are familiar with web browsing and are proficient at filling out web forms. Thus, we create a web form layer over the PDF form via a high fidelity transformation process that attempts to preserve all the spatial relationships of the PDF elements including forms, their labels and the textual content. Blind people only interact with the web forms, and the filled out web form fields are transparently transferred to the corresponding fields in the PDF form. An optimization algorithm automatically adjusts the length and width of the PDF fields to accommodate arbitrary size field data. This ensures that the filled out PDF document does not have any truncated form-field values, and additionally, it is readable. A user study with fourteen users with visual impairments revealed that they were able to populate more form fields than the status quo and the self-reported user experience with the proposed interface was superior compared to the status quo.
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制作易于访问的 PDF 文档
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Heather Devine;Andres Gonzalez;Matthew R. B. Hardy
通讯作者：
Matthew R. B. Hardy
用于创建可访问 PDF 文档的灵活软件架构概念
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Alireza Darvishy;H. Hutter;Alexander Horvath;M. Dorigo
通讯作者：
M. Dorigo
两个软件插件，用于基于灵活的软件架构创建完全可访问的 PDF 文档
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-31522-0_94
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Education Technology and Computers
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alireza Darvishy;T. Leemann;H. Hutter
通讯作者：
H. Hutter
一种用于可刷新盲文显示系统的新型可集成微阀
DOI：
10.1109/jmems.2003.811754
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
IEEE\/ASME Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
影响因子：
--
作者：
L. Yobas;D. Durand;G. Skebe;F. Lisy;M. Huff
通讯作者：
M. Huff
PDF 文档是否可以访问
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Mireia Ribera Turró
通讯作者：
Mireia Ribera Turró