Age differences in proactive interference, working memory, and abstract reasoning.
Age differences in proactive interference, working memory, and abstract reasoning.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0012577
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发表时间：
2008-09
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Myerson, Joel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emery, Lisa;Hale, Sandra;Myerson, Joel
据推测，老年人特别容易受到主动干扰（PI）的影响，这可能会导致工作记忆表现的年龄差异。在年轻人中，PI的个体差异会影响工作记忆和推理能力，但老年人的PI、工作记忆和推理能力之间的关系尚未得到研究。在当前的研究中，年轻人、老年人和非常老的成年人执行了一项修改后的操作跨度任务，该任务引发了 PI 建立和释放的多个周期，以及两项抽象推理能力测试。工作记忆评分的年龄差异随着 PI 的积累而增加，这与老年人更容易受到 PI 影响的假设一致，但年轻人和老年人都表现出完全摆脱 PI 的影响。年轻人的推理能力最好通过高 PI 条件下的工作记忆表现来预测，即复制。相比之下，老年人的推理能力最好通过低 PI 条件下的工作记忆表现来预测，从而提出了关于 PI 敏感性在老年人较高认知功能差异中的一般作用的问题。
It has been hypothesized that older adults are especially susceptible to proactive interference (PI), and that this may contribute to age differences in working memory performance. In young adults, individual differences in PI affect both working memory and reasoning ability, but the relations between PI, working memory, and reasoning in older adults have not been examined. In the current study, young, old, and very old adults performed a modified operation span task that induced several cycles of PI buildup and release, as well as two tests of abstract reasoning ability. Age differences in working memory scores increased as PI built up, consistent with the hypothesis that older adults are more susceptible to PI, but both young and older adults showed complete release from PI. Young adults' reasoning ability was best predicted by working memory performance under high-PI conditions, replicating. In contrast, older adults' reasoning ability was best predicted by their working memory performance under low-PI conditions, thereby raising questions regarding the general role of susceptibility to PI in differences in higher cognitive function among older adults.
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.183
发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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