Plasma cotinine, 3'-hydroxycotinine, and their glucuronides in white and black smokers.
Plasma cotinine, 3'-hydroxycotinine, and their glucuronides in white and black smokers.
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白人和黑人吸烟者的血浆可替宁、3-羟基可替宁及其葡萄糖苷酸。
DOI：
10.1097/00004714-200304000-00018
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Crooks,PeterA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
deLeon,Jose;Diaz,FranciscoJ;Rogers,Thea;Browne,Debra;Dinsmore,Lori;Ghosheh,OmarA;Dwoskin,LindaP;Crooks,PeterA
使用非典型抗精神病药物已成为精神病治疗的标准治疗。随着新的药物进入市场，临床医生可以选择具有显著不同受体结合特征的药物。2，3齐拉西酮是市场上最新的药物，以其作为5 HT 1-A激动剂的能力而闻名。此外，齐拉西酮被认为几乎仅在A10中脑边缘/中皮层通路中结合，并避免脑中的A9黑质纹状体通路。[4]因此，静坐不能不会在这种药物中频繁发生。尽管如此，在市场上一年后，我和其他经常接触的临床医生看到患者在罕见的情况下出现了令人困惑的躁动。这代表了什么是有争议的。有些人认为这是焦虑，而另一些人则假设是“血清素综合征”。我的假设是，我们所看到的是“精神静坐不能”，一个尚未在文献中出现但恰当描述了这种现象的术语。所有抗精神病药物均可引起静坐不能，5，6，但由于齐拉西酮在运动通路（A9通路）中的结合最小或不存在，患者几乎完全以主观不安和激动的方式经历静坐不能。
Use of atypical antipsychotics has become the standard of care in the treatment of psychosis. 1 As newer agents enter the marketplace, clinicians have a choice of medications with significantly different receptor binding profiles. 2, 3 Ziprasidone, the newest agent on the market, is notable for its ability to act as a 5HT1-A agonist. In addition, ziprasidone is thought to bind almost exclusively in the A10 mesolimbic/mesocortical pathway and to avoid the A9 nigrostriatal pathway in the brain. 4 Thus, akathisia would not be expected to be a frequent occurrence with this medication.Nonetheless, after a year in the market, I and other clinicians with whom I have regular contact have seen patients develop on rare occasions a level of agitation that hasbeen confusing. Just what this represents is controversial. Some have proposed that it is anxiety, while others have hypothesized a “serotonin syndrome.” My hypothesis is that what we are seeing is “psychic akathisia,” a term not yet in the literature but appropriately descriptive of the phenomenon. All antipsychotics can cause akathisia, 5, 6 but because of ziprasidone’s minimal or absent binding in a motor pathway (the A9 pathway), the patient experiences this almost exclusively as a subjective restlessness and agitation.
尼古丁和可替宁 N-葡萄糖醛酸化的种族差异。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benowitz,NL;Perez-Stable,EJ;Fong,I;Modin,G;Herrera,B;Jacob3rd,P
通讯作者：
Jacob3rd,P
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Fagerstrom, K O;Kunze, M;Zatonski, W
通讯作者：
Zatonski, W