Explaining human interactions on the road by large-scale integration of computational psychological theory.

Explaining human interactions on the road by large-scale integration of computational psychological theory.
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DOI:
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad163
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发表时间:
2023-06
期刊:
PNAS NEXUS
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Merat, Natasha
Merat, Natasha
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Markkula, Gustav;Lin, Yi-Shin;Srinivasan, Aravinda Ramakrishnan;Billington, Jac;Leonetti, Matteo;Kalantari, Amir Hossein;Yang, Yue;Lee, Yee Mun;Madigan, Ruth;Merat, Natasha

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当人类在道路交通中共享空间时,无论是作为驾驶员还是作为弱势道路使用者,他们都会利用自己的各种交流和互动能力。关于这些行为还有很多未知之处,但如果自动驾驶汽车要与人类道路使用者成功共存,就需要在模型中捕获它们。人类道路使用者行为的实证研究涉及大量的潜在认知机制,这些机制加在一起远远超出了现有计算模型的范围。在这里,我们注意到,对于所有这些假定的机制,计算理论存在于心理学的不同分支学科中,用于更受约束的任务。我们展示了这些独立的理论可以从抽象的实验室范式中概括出来,并整合到一个计算框架中,用于模拟人类道路使用者的互动,结合贝叶斯感知,关于他人意图的心理理论,行为博弈论,长期评估行动替代方案和证据积累决策。我们表明,这些假设的模型,但不是简单的版本相同的模型,可以解释一些以前无法解释的现象在自然主义的司机-行人过马路的相互作用,并成功地预测互动结果在一个看不见的数据集。我们的建模结果有助于展示我们从中汲取的理论的现实价值,并解决心理学中累积理论建设的要求,将人类道路使用作为这种性质的工作的合适环境。我们的研究结果还强调了道路交通中人类互动的巨大复杂性,这对车辆自动化的开发和测试要求具有强烈的影响。
When humans share space in road traffic, as drivers or as vulnerable road users, they draw on their full range of communicative and interactive capabilities. Much remains unknown about these behaviors, but they need to be captured in models if automated vehicles are to coexist successfully with human road users. Empirical studies of human road user behavior implicate a large number of underlying cognitive mechanisms, which taken together are well beyond the scope of existing computational models. Here, we note that for all of these putative mechanisms, computational theories exist in different subdisciplines of psychology, for more constrained tasks. We demonstrate how these separate theories can be generalized from abstract laboratory paradigms and integrated into a computational framework for modeling human road user interaction, combining Bayesian perception, a theory of mind regarding others’ intentions, behavioral game theory, long-term valuation of action alternatives, and evidence accumulation decision-making. We show that a model with these assumptions—but not simpler versions of the same model—can account for a number of previously unexplained phenomena in naturalistic driver–pedestrian road-crossing interactions, and successfully predicts interaction outcomes in an unseen data set. Our modeling results contribute to demonstrating the real-world value of the theories from which we draw, and address calls in psychology for cumulative theory-building, presenting human road use as a suitable setting for work of this nature. Our findings also underscore the formidable complexity of human interaction in road traffic, with strong implications for the requirements to set on development and testing of vehicle automation.
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