Pervasive defaunation of forest remnants in a tropical biodiversity hotspot.
Pervasive defaunation of forest remnants in a tropical biodiversity hotspot.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0041671
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kierulff MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Canale GR;Peres CA;Guidorizzi CE;Gatto CA;Kierulff MC
热带森林砍伐和森林破碎化是世界范围内最重要的生物多样性保护问题之一，然而，被困在未受保护的森林遗迹中的数百万动植物种群的局部灭绝仍然很难解释。在这里，我们报告了在世界上最重要的热带生物多样性热点地区之一，中型到大型哺乳动物的局部灭绝速度前所未有。研究人员对巴西大西洋森林252,669 km2研究区域内196个森林斑块中18种哺乳动物的斑块占用数据进行了详细分析。我们发现，哺乳动物在当地灭绝的速度惊人，在可能的3528个种群中，只有767个仍然存在。平均而言，森林斑块保留了18种潜在物种的3.9种，地理分布范围缩小到原来的0-14.4%，其中包括5种在区域尺度上已经灭绝的大型物种。森林碎片极易被猎人获取，并且容易受到边缘效应和火灾的影响，因此严重削弱了物种-区域关系的预测能力，幂函数模型只能解释每个斑块物种丰富度的约9%的变化。因此，传统的物种-面积曲线对物种的持久性提供了过于乐观的估计，因为大多数森林碎片的物种丧失速度比单独的栖息地丧失预测的要快得多。
Tropical deforestation and forest fragmentation are among the most important biodiversity conservation issues worldwide, yet local extinctions of millions of animal and plant populations stranded in unprotected forest remnants remain poorly explained. Here, we report unprecedented rates of local extinctions of medium to large-bodied mammals in one of the world's most important tropical biodiversity hotspots. We scrutinized 8,846 person-years of local knowledge to derive patch occupancy data for 18 mammal species within 196 forest patches across a 252,669-km2 study region of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We uncovered a staggering rate of local extinctions in the mammal fauna, with only 767 from a possible 3,528 populations still persisting. On average, forest patches retained 3.9 out of 18 potential species occupancies, and geographic ranges had contracted to 0–14.4% of their former distributions, including five large-bodied species that had been extirpated at a regional scale. Forest fragments were highly accessible to hunters and exposed to edge effects and fires, thereby severely diminishing the predictive power of species-area relationships, with the power model explaining only ∼9% of the variation in species richness per patch. Hence, conventional species-area curves provided over-optimistic estimates of species persistence in that most forest fragments had lost species at a much faster rate than predicted by habitat loss alone.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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