Visualizing interferential stimulation of human brains.
Visualizing interferential stimulation of human brains.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2023.1239114
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Huang, Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Yu
关键词：
经颅电刺激（TES）在局部刺激深部脑区域是有限的，即使是优化的刺激蒙太奇。最近，干扰刺激（IFS），又称经颅颞叶干扰刺激（TI， TIS，或tTIS），在TES界引起了广泛的关注，因为计算和实验研究表明IFS可以到达深部脑区。然而，IFS的潜在电动力学是复杂的，难以可视化。现有文献仅显示了IFS诱导的干扰电场的静态可视化。这可能会导致简化的理解，即在两对刺激电极之间总是有一个静态焦点。这种静态可视化可以经常在IFS文献中找到。在这里，我们的目标是系统地可视化IFS的整个动态。根据之前的研究，我们解决了MNI-152头部的引线场，并发现使用两对电极或两组电极阵列的最佳蒙太奇可以刺激靠近左纹状体的脑深部区域，并具有最高的聚焦性。然后，我们将以相似频率注入的两种刺激电流可视化。我们在三维空间和二维Lissajous曲线中动画了目标和一个典型的非目标位置的瞬时电场矢量。最后，我们可视化了经过目标位置的轴向切片处的干扰电场和调幅包络线的分布。这两个量在两个方向上显示：桡骨内和后前方。我们希望通过直观的可视化，本研究可以作为一种教育资源，帮助社会理解IFS作为一种非侵入性局灶性脑深部刺激的强大方式。
Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is limited in focally stimulating deep-brain regions, even with optimized stimulation montages. Recently, interferential stimulation (IFS), also known as transcranial temporal interference stimulation (TI, TIS, or tTIS), has drawn much attention in the TES community as both computational and experimental studies show that IFS can reach deep-brain areas. However, the underlying electrodynamics of IFS is complicated and difficult to visualize. Existing literature only shows static visualization of the interfered electric field induced by IFS. These could result in a simplified understanding that there is always one static focal spot between the two pairs of stimulation electrodes. This static visualization can be frequently found in the IFS literature. Here, we aimed to systematically visualize the entire dynamics of IFS. Following the previous study, the lead field was solved for the MNI-152 head, and optimal montages using either two pairs of electrodes or two arrays of electrodes were found to stimulate a deep-brain region close to the left striatum with the highest possible focality. We then visualized the two stimulating electrical currents injected with similar frequencies. We animated the instant electric field vector at the target and one exemplary off-target location both in 3D space and as a 2D Lissajous curve. We finally visualized the distribution of the interfered electric field and the amplitude modulation envelope at an axial slice going through the target location. These two quantities were visualized in two directions: radial-in and posterior–anterior. We hope that with intuitive visualization, this study can contribute as an educational resource to the community’s understanding of IFS as a powerful modality for non-invasive focal deep-brain stimulation.
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