Investigating the Use of Planning Sheets in Young Learners’ Open-Ended Scratch Projects
Investigating the Use of Planning Sheets in Young Learners’ Open-Ended Scratch Projects
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调查计划表在年轻学习者开放式 Scratch 项目中的使用
DOI：
10.1145/3501385.3543972
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Weintrop, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez-Maldonado, David;Pugnali, Alex;Tsan, Jennifer;Eatinger, Donna;Franklin, Diana;Weintrop, David
开放式任务对学习编程的学生来说既是有益的，也是挑战的。这样的任务让学生更有创造力，对自己的工作有主人翁意识，但一些学生在无组织的任务中苦苦挣扎，如果没有适当的支架，这可能会导致负面的学习体验。Scratch是一个广泛使用的编码平台，用于在课堂上教授计算机科学，旨在支持学习者的创造力和表达能力。Scratch具有开放性，可以在课堂上以各种方式使用，以满足学校和地区的需求。在课堂上使用Scratch的一个挑战是支持学习者探索他们的兴趣和培养创造力，同时仍然满足课程的教学目标，并确保所有学生都参与并理解重点概念和实践。在本文中，我们调查了使用计划表来帮助新手程序员设计和实现基于开放式提示的Scratch程序。为了评估计划表，我们查看学生实施的临时项目与他们的计划的匹配程度，以及实施的临时项目是否满足给定课程的技术要求。我们分析了155名初中生(10-14岁)的303个Scratch项目，他们是通过Scratch Encore课程接触到编程的。对使用计划表(202)的已完成临时项目进行定性编码，以评估它们与初始计划的匹配程度，并利用自动评分器分析临时计划(303)，以检查是否满足技术项目要求。我们的结果显示，与没有计划表的学生相比，使用计划表的学生满足了更多的技术项目要求，结构也更复杂。结果因教师和使用的规划表类型(实体与虚拟)而异。这项工作表明，计划表对于年轻学习者在完成开放式编码项目时是一个有用的工具。
Open-ended tasks can be both beneficial and challenging to students learning to program. Such tasks allow students to be more creative and feel ownership over their work, but some students struggle with unstructured tasks and, without proper scaffolds, this can lead to negative learning experiences. Scratch is a widely used coding platform to teach computer science in classrooms and is designed to support learner creativity and expression. With its open-ended nature, Scratch can be used in various ways in the classroom to meet the needs of schools and districts. One challenge of using Scratch in classrooms is supporting learners in exploring their interests and fostering creativity while still meeting the instructional goals of a lesson and ensuring all students are engaged with, and understand, focal concepts and practices.In this paper, we investigate the use of planning sheets to facilitate novice programmers designing and implementing Scratch programs based on open-ended prompts. To evaluate the planning sheets, we look at how closely students’ implemented Scratch projects match their plans and whether the implemented Scratch projects met the technical requirements for the given lesson. We analyzed 303 Scratch projects from 155 middle grade students (ages 10-14) who were introduced to programming via the Scratch Encore Curriculum. Completed Scratch projects that used planning sheets (202) were qualitatively coded to evaluate how closely they matched the initial plan, and Scratch programs (303) were analyzed with an automated grader to check if technical project requirements were met. Our results reveal that students that used planning sheets met significantly more technical project requirements and had more complex structures than those that did not have planning sheets. Results differ based on teacher and type of planning sheet used (physical vs. virtual). This work suggests that planning sheets are a helpful tool for young learners when completing open-ended coding projects.
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