Which way is down? Visual and tactile verticality perception in expert dancers and non-experts.
Which way is down? Visual and tactile verticality perception in expert dancers and non-experts.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107546
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发表时间：
2020-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Haggard P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beck B;Saramandi A;Ferrè ER;Haggard P
重力为所有空间感知提供了绝对的垂直参考，使我们能够在内部移动并与我们的世界有效互动。贝叶斯推理模型将垂直度感知解释为在线感官线索与头部通常直立的先前预测的组合。到目前为止，这些贝叶斯模型已经制定了视觉刺激的感知方向的判断。在这里，我们调查了触觉刺激的垂直度的判断是否遵循类似的贝叶斯感知推理模式。我们还探讨了垂直知觉是否受到舞者的姿势和平衡专业知识的影响。我们测试了芭蕾舞演员和非舞蹈演员的主观视觉垂直（SVV）和主观触觉垂直（STV）。一个机械臂在不同的块中跟踪向下移动的视觉或触觉刺激，而参与者的头部要么直立，要么向右倾斜30°。参与者报告这些刺激是否偏离重力垂直线的左侧（顺时针）或右侧（逆时针）。倾斜头部使SVV偏离纵向头部轴（经典的E效应），与前庭眼反侧滚反射补偿失败一致。相反，倾斜头部使STV偏向于纵向头部轴（经典的A效应），与先前的强直立头部一致。重要的是，倾斜头部降低了垂直度感知的精度，特别是芭蕾舞演员的STV判断。头部倾斜被认为会增加前庭噪音，因此芭蕾舞演员似乎对前庭输入的退化非常敏感，这使他们在垂直度判断中的权重过高。前庭，本体感受，和外部线索有助于垂直知觉。主观触觉垂直方向偏向头部倾斜的方向。主观视觉垂直偏离头部倾斜的方向。芭蕾舞演员特别容易受到倾斜引起的前庭噪音的影响。
Gravity provides an absolute verticality reference for all spatial perception, allowing us to move within and interact effectively with our world. Bayesian inference models explain verticality perception as a combination of online sensory cues with a prior prediction that the head is usually upright. Until now, these Bayesian models have been formulated for judgements of the perceived orientation of visual stimuli. Here, we investigated whether judgements of the verticality of tactile stimuli follow a similar pattern of Bayesian perceptual inference. We also explored whether verticality perception is affected by the postural and balance expertise of dancers. We tested both the subjective visual vertical (SVV) and the subjective tactile vertical (STV) in ballet dancers and non-dancers. A robotic arm traced downward-moving visual or tactile stimuli in separate blocks while participants held their head either upright or tilted 30° to their right. Participants reported whether these stimuli deviated to the left (clockwise) or right (anti-clockwise) of the gravitational vertical. Tilting the head biased the SVV away from the longitudinal head axis (the classical E-effect), consistent with a failure to compensate for the vestibulo-ocular counter-roll reflex. On the contrary, tilting the head biased the STV toward the longitudinal head axis (the classical A-effect), consistent with a strong upright head prior. Critically, tilting the head reduced the precision of verticality perception, particularly for ballet dancers’ STV judgements. Head tilt is thought to increase vestibular noise, so ballet dancers seem to be surprisingly susceptible to degradation of vestibular inputs, giving them an inappropriately high weighting in verticality judgements. Vestibular, proprioceptive, and external cues contribute to verticality perception. The subjective tactile vertical is biased toward the direction of a head tilt. The subjective visual vertical is biased away from the direction of a head tilt. Ballet dancers are particularly susceptible to vestibular noise caused by tilts.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Clemens, Ivar A. H.;De Vrijer, Maaike;Medendorp, W. Pieter
通讯作者：
Medendorp, W. Pieter
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Golomer, E;Crémieux, J;Ohlmann, T
通讯作者：
Ohlmann, T
DOI：
10.3758/bf03210359
发表时间：
1972-01-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
HUGHES, PC;BRECHER, GA;FISHKIN, SM
通讯作者：
FISHKIN, SM
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Guerraz, M;Luyat, M;Ohlmann, T
通讯作者：
Ohlmann, T
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Fraser, Lindsey E.;Makooie, Bobbak;Harris, Laurence R.
通讯作者：
Harris, Laurence R.