Poor Taste and Smell Are Associated with Poor Appetite, Macronutrient Intake, and Dietary Quality but Not with Undernutrition in Older Adults.
Poor Taste and Smell Are Associated with Poor Appetite, Macronutrient Intake, and Dietary Quality but Not with Undernutrition in Older Adults.
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/nxaa400
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发表时间：
2021-03-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Visser M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fluitman KS;Hesp AC;Kaihatu RF;Nieuwdorp M;Keijser BJF;IJzerman RG;Visser M
与味觉和嗅觉功能有关的味觉和嗅觉功能下降被广泛认为是导致老年人食欲下降和营养不良的原因。在这里，我们的目标是在一项研究中评估味觉和嗅觉功能与几种营养相关结果的关联，食欲不振和营养不良是主要结果。这是一项对359名居住在社区的荷兰老年人进行的横断面队列研究，年龄在65-93岁之间。测量所有5种基本味觉的味觉功能。嗅觉功能用3个测试进行评估：气味识别、辨别和阈值。自我报告的味觉和嗅觉，食欲，能量（千卡/天）和大量营养素（%能量）摄入量，和协变量进行了广泛的问卷调查。饮食质量的计算使用2015年荷兰健康饮食指数，2010年替代健康饮食指数和地中海饮食评分。身体测量包括体重（当前和2年前）、身高和身体阻抗分析。通过多元逻辑回归和线性回归分析数据。在我们的样本中，9.2%的人味觉差，17.0%的人嗅觉差，6.1%的人食欲不振，21.4%的人营养不良。自我报告的味觉差（OR：8.44; 95% CI：1.56，45.56; P = 0.013）与食欲不振相关，但没有其他味觉或嗅觉评分与食欲不振或营养不良相关。研究发现，个体的味觉和嗅觉评分与大量营养素摄入量和饮食质量存在一定的关联。自我报告的不良味觉和嗅觉都与较差的饮食质量相关。在社区居住的老年人中，特定的味觉和嗅觉障碍可能对食欲、食物摄入或饮食质量产生不同的后果。然而，这并不一定导致营养不良。自我报告的不良味觉和嗅觉与不良饮食质量的一致关联确实强调了这些信息在筛查营养风险时的有用性。
Age-related declines in taste and smell function are widely assumed to contribute to the decrease in appetite and the development of undernutrition in older adults. Here we aim to assess the associations of both taste and smell function with several nutrition-related outcomes in a single study, with poor appetite and undernutrition as primary outcomes. This is a cross-sectional cohort study of 359 community-dwelling Dutch older adults, aged 65–93 y. Taste function was measured for all 5 basic tastes. Smell function was assessed with 3 tests: for odor identification, discrimination, and threshold. Self-reported taste and smell, appetite, energy (kcal/d) and macronutrient (% energy) intake, and covariates were assessed with extensive questionnaires. Dietary quality was calculated using the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015, Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, and Mediterranean Diet Score. Body measurements included body weight (current and 2 y prior), height, and body impedance analysis. Data were analyzed via multiple logistic and linear regression. Of our sample, 9.2% had poor taste and 17.0% poor smell, 6.1% had poor appetite, and 21.4% were undernourished. Self-reported poor taste (OR: 8.44; 95% CI: 1.56, 45.56; P = 0.013) was associated with poor appetite, but no other taste or smell score was associated with either poor appetite or undernutrition. Some associations were found of individual taste and smell scores with macronutrient intake and dietary quality. Self-reported poor taste and smell were both consistently associated with poorer dietary quality. In community-dwelling older adults, specific taste and smell impairments may have diverse consequences for appetite, food intake, or dietary quality. However, this does not necessarily result in undernutrition. The consistent associations of self-reported poor taste and smell with poor dietary quality do underline the usefulness of this information when screening for nutritional risk.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Hanisah, R.;Suzana, S.;Lee, F. S.
通讯作者：
Lee, F. S.
老年人的嗅觉障碍与 5 年内较差的饮食质量有关
影响因子：
5
作者：
Gopinath, Bamini;Russell, Joanna;Mitchell, Paul
通讯作者：
Mitchell, Paul
影响因子：
6
作者：
Landis, Basile Nicolas;Welge-Luessen, Antje;Hummel, Thomas
通讯作者：
Hummel, Thomas
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Fuchida, S.;Yamamoto, T.;Hirata, Y.
通讯作者：
Hirata, Y.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Cederholm, T.;Bosaeus, I.;Singer, P.
通讯作者：
Singer, P.