Targeting translesion synthesis (TLS) to expose replication gaps, a unique cancer vulnerability.

Targeting translesion synthesis (TLS) to expose replication gaps, a unique cancer vulnerability.
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DOI:
10.1080/14728222.2021.1864321
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发表时间:
2021-01
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Cantor SB
Cantor SB
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nayak S;Calvo JA;Cantor SB

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跨损伤合成(TLS)是一种DNA损伤耐受(DDT)机制,它使用容易出错的聚合酶绕过复制阻止DNA损伤,从而有助于获得突变和化疗耐药性。然而,最近的发现说明了TLS在复制缺口抑制(RGS)中的新角色,不同于它在复制后缺口填充中的角色。在这里,TLS保护细胞免受复制应激(RS)诱导的有毒单链DNA(SsDNA)缺口的影响,这些缺口在活跃复制之后积累。有趣的是,TLS介导的RGS在几个癌细胞系中被特异性地观察到,并有助于它们的生存。因此,靶向TLS有可能在不损害非癌症组织的情况下独特地根除肿瘤。这篇综述对TLS的作用提供了一个创新的视角,超越了其典型的病变旁路或复制后间隙填充的功能。我们提供了一个全面的分析,强调TLS作为一种癌症适应的新兴角色,是克服复制应激反应(RSR)所必需的,复制应激反应是一种抗癌屏障。TLS RGS在肿瘤发生中起关键作用,是癌症的新标志。尽管TLS在癌症中依赖的确切机制和程度仍在研究中,但TLS抑制剂已经显示出选择性地针对这种独特的癌症脆弱性作为一种抗癌治疗的前景。
Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a DNA damage tolerance (DDT) mechanism that employs error-prone polymerases to bypass replication blocking DNA lesions, contributing to a gain in mutagenesis and chemo-resistance. However, recent findings illustrate an emerging role for TLS in replication gap suppression (RGS), distinct from its role in post-replication gap filling. Here, TLS protects cells from replication stress (RS)-induced toxic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps that accumulate in the wake of active replication. Intriguingly, TLS-mediated RGS, is specifically observed in several cancer cell lines and contributes to their survival. Thus, targeting TLS has the potential to uniquely eradicate tumors without harming non-cancer tissues. This review provides an innovative perspective on the role of TLS beyond its canonical function of lesion bypass or post-replicative gap filling. We provide a comprehensive analysis that underscores the emerging role of TLS as a cancer adaptation necessary to overcome the replication stress response (RSR), an anti-cancer barrier. TLS RGS is critical for tumorigenesis and is a new hallmark of cancer. Although, the exact mechanism and extent of TLS dependency in cancer is still emerging, TLS inhibitors have shown promise as an anti-cancer therapy in selectively targeting this unique cancer vulnerability.
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