Modern brackish bryostromatolites (“bryoliths”) from Zeeland (Netherlands)

Modern brackish bryostromatolites (“bryoliths”) from Zeeland (Netherlands)
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来自泽兰(荷兰)的现代咸水苔层石(âbryolithsâ)

DOI:
10.1007/s12549-021-00490-3
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Munnecke
Munnecke
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harrison;Claussen;Schulbert;Munnecke

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从古生代到现代,在应力环境中都发现了叠层石。它们是由苔藓虫和微生物层交替形成的。这项研究调查了荷兰微咸水池塘中最近发现的苔藓叠层石,以更好地了解古代的类似物以及它们所处的环境。他们在朗德韦尔遗址形成了一个边缘珊瑚礁,在卡斯肯斯沃特形成了一个障碍礁。池塘生物多样性较低,只有1种双壳类、2种腹足类、1种介形类和3种硅藻,构成了大多数易石化的类群;还存在1种等足类、1种十足类和2种多毛类。对微生物层的观察和胶结实践表明,苔藓虫有利条件和微生物有利条件的交替对于形成苔藓叠层石是必不可少的。采集到的苔藓叠层石只有微小的苔藓虫斑块。水测试确认了一个咸水环境,但有丰富的砷和钛浓度和周期性的富氧。极端环境解释了生物多样性的缺乏,并可能提供有关过去苔藓叠层石形成环境的信息。
Bryostromatolites are found in stressed environments from the Paleozoic to the Recent. They are formed by alternating layers of bryozoans and microbes. This study investigates recent bryostromatolites in brackish ponds in the Netherlands to better understand ancient analogues and the environments which hosted them. They formed a fringing reef at the site Ronde Weel and a barrier reef at Kaaskenswater. The ponds had low biodiversity with only one bivalve species, two gastropod species, one ostracod species, and three diatom species comprising most of the easily fossilizable taxa; one isopod species, one decapod species, and two polychaete species were also present. Observations of microbial layers and cementation practices indicate that an alternation of bryozoan-favouring conditions and microbe-favouring conditions is essential to forming bryostromatolites. The collected bryostromatolites only had tiny living bryozoan patches. Water tests confirmed a brackish environment but with enriched arsenic and titanium concentrations and periodic euxinia. The extreme environment explains the lack of biodiversity and may provide information about the environments in which past bryostromatolites formed.
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