Translation dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on ALS.

Translation dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on ALS.
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DOI:
10.1186/s13024-023-00642-3
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发表时间:
2023-08-25
影响因子:
15.1
通讯作者:
Sun, Shuying
Sun, Shuying
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang, Shaopeng;Sun, Shuying

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RNA翻译在真核细胞中受到严格控制,以调节基因表达和维持蛋白质组稳态。RNA结合蛋白、翻译因子和细胞信号通路都调节翻译过程。翻译缺陷涉及多种神经系统疾病,包括肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)。ALS是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,在全球范围内构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。在过去的几年里,在ALS的遗传学和发病机制的理解方面取得了巨大的进展。包括RNA翻译在内的RNA代谢功能障碍与ALS密切相关。在这里,我们首先介绍在生理和应激条件下的翻译调节的一般机制,并回顾在神经退行性疾病中的翻译缺陷的著名例子。然后,我们专注于ALS连锁基因,并讨论了翻译是如何影响各种突变基因和ALS中的重复扩增介导的非经典翻译的最新进展。
RNA translation is tightly controlled in eukaryotic cells to regulate gene expression and maintain proteome homeostasis. RNA binding proteins, translation factors, and cell signaling pathways all modulate the translation process. Defective translation is involved in multiple neurological diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and poses a major public health challenge worldwide. Over the past few years, tremendous advances have been made in the understanding of the genetics and pathogenesis of ALS. Dysfunction of RNA metabolisms, including RNA translation, has been closely associated with ALS. Here, we first introduce the general mechanisms of translational regulation under physiological and stress conditions and review well-known examples of translation defects in neurodegenerative diseases. We then focus on ALS-linked genes and discuss the recent progress on how translation is affected by various mutant genes and the repeat expansion-mediated non-canonical translation in ALS.
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