Subseasonal controls of U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones

Subseasonal controls of U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones
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对美国登陆热带气旋的次季节控制

DOI:
10.1038/s41612-022-00289-9
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Cooke, William F.
Cooke, William F.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xiang, Baoqiang;Wang, Bin;Zhang, Wei;Harris, Lucas;Delworth, Thomas L.;Zhang, Gan;Cooke, William F.

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登陆的热带气旋(LTCs)是影响美国的最具破坏性的灾害,而对LTCs的熟练亚季节(10天到一个季节)预测则不太有希望。了解控制TC活动亚季节变化的机制是改善其预测的基础,这对决策者和保险业至关重要。本文揭示了3种局域大气环流模式具有显著的10-30天亚季节变化特征:山前涛动(PO)、大美洲偶极子(GAD)和副热带高压脊(SHR)模式。这些模式强烈地调节了美国海岸附近的降水、TC的形成、强度、路径和登陆。与它们强烈的负相相比,美国东海岸在PO强烈的正相期间的LTCs频率高出19倍,墨西哥湾沿岸在GAD和SHR的正相期间的LTCs频率高出4-12倍。GFDL SPEAR模型对这三种模式的预测结果分别为13、9和22天。我们的研究结果预计将有利于LTCs在天气时间尺度上的预测,也表明存在对LTCs及其相关暴雨的亚季节预测的机会。
Landfalling tropical cyclones (LTCs) are the most devastating disaster to affect the U.S., while the demonstration of skillful subseasonal (between 10 days and one season) prediction of LTCs is less promising. Understanding the mechanisms governing the subseasonal variation of TC activity is fundamental to improving its forecast, which is of critical interest to decision-makers and the insurance industry. This work reveals three localized atmospheric circulation modes with significant 10–30 days subseasonal variations: Piedmont Oscillation (PO), Great America Dipole (GAD), and the Subtropical High ridge (SHR) modes. These modes strongly modulate precipitation, TC genesis, intensity, track, and landfall near the U.S. coast. Compared to their strong negative phases, the U.S. East Coast has 19 times more LTCs during the strong positive phases of PO, and the Gulf Coast experiences 4–12 times more frequent LTCs during the positive phases of GAD and SHR. Results from the GFDL SPEAR model show a skillful prediction of 13, 9, and 22 days for these three modes, respectively. Our findings are expected to benefit the prediction of LTCs on weather timescale and also suggest opportunities exist for subseasonal predictions of LTCs and their associated heavy rainfalls.
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