Expressing Ignorance in Japanese: Contrastive wa versus sukunakutomo
Expressing Ignorance in Japanese: Contrastive wa versus sukunakutomo
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用日语表达无知：wa 与 sukunakutomo 的对比
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Adrian M. P. Braşoveanu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hitomi Hirayama;Adrian M. P. Braşoveanu
在一系列的三个实验中，我们考察了由日语中的两个数词修饰语，对比wa和sukunakutomo 'at least'引发的无知推理。实验1（自定进度阅读，随后进行可接受性判断）考察了讨论中的问题（QuDs）对无知推理的影响，结果表明，wa对QuD敏感，而sukunakutomo对QuD不敏感。鉴于这些结果，我们假设这两种表达无知的方式之间存在竞争：sukunakutomo明确地编码无知，因此当说话者想要表达不确定性时，它是首选的。与此相反，wa只要求存在对有争议的内容的替代品，这是可能的，因为发言者的关注。这些选择可能是关于数字的，这会引发无知推论，但不一定是。实验2和实验3是强制性二元选择任务。实验二考察了当被试在wa和ga之间做出选择时，他们对说话人的无知或语境对比的敏感程度。实验三比较了wa和sukunakutomo，支持竞争假说。具体而言，实验3表明，sukunakutomo是首选的发言者是无知的，而wa是首选的发言者是知识渊博的，有一个上下文的显着对比，wa拿起。
In a series of three experiments, we investigate ignorance inferences triggered by two numeral modifiers in Japanese, contrastive wa and sukunakutomo ‘at least’. Experiment 1 (self-paced reading followed by acceptability judgments) investigates how Questions under Discussion (QuDs) affect ignorance inferences and shows that wa is QuD sensitive, while sukunakutomo is not. Given the results, we hypothesize that there is a competition between the two ways of expressing ignorance: sukunakutomo unambiguously encodes ignorance and is therefore preferred when the speaker wants to express uncertainty. In contrast, wa simply requires the presence of alternatives to the at-issue content, which are possible as far as the speaker is concerned. These alternatives can be about numbers, which trigger ignorance inferences, but need not be. Experiments 2 and 3 are forced binary choice tasks. Experiment 2 investigated how sensitive people are to ignorance of the speaker or contextual contrast when they are given a choice between wa and ga. Experiment 3 compared wa and sukunakutomo and supported the competition hypothesis. Specifically, Experiment 3 shows that sukunakutomo is preferred when the speaker is ignorant, while wa is preferred when the speaker is knowledgeable, and there is a contextually salient contrast that wa picks up on.
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.111.2.228
发表时间：
1982
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子：
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作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter;J. Woolley
通讯作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter;J. Woolley