Expression and Evolution of Short Wavelength Sensitive Opsins in Colugos: A Nocturnal Lineage That Informs Debate on Primate Origins.
Expression and Evolution of Short Wavelength Sensitive Opsins in Colugos: A Nocturnal Lineage That Informs Debate on Primate Origins.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11692-013-9230-y
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Dominy, Nathaniel J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moritz, Gillian L.;Lim, Norman T. -L.;Neitz, Maureen;Peichl, Leo;Dominy, Nathaniel J.
夜间活动模式是灵长类动物适应性起源的几乎所有假设的核心。近年来，这种经久不衰的观点受到了挑战，因为夜行灵长类动物视蛋白基因的变异。在Euarchonta中，视蛋白基因和物种活动模式之间的对应关系-包括灵长目，Dermoptera（猫猴）和Scandentia（树鼩）的超序数组-可以证明是有益的，但Dermopteran视觉系统的基本生物学实际上是未知的。在这里，我们表明，眼睛的巽他猫猴（Galeopterus variegatus）缺乏一个透明绒毡层，并有一个无血管的视网膜，我们报告的表达和光谱敏感性的锥色素。我们发现巽他猫猴具有完整的短波长敏感（S-）和长波长敏感（L-）视蛋白基因，并且这两种视蛋白都在视网膜的视锥细胞中表达。推断的峰值光谱灵敏度分别为451和562 nm。与夜间视觉的适应一致，锥细胞密度很低。令人惊讶的是，大多数S-锥共表达一些L-视蛋白。我们还表明，S-视蛋白基因的外显子1的非同义与同义取代的比率是纯化选择的指示。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，自然选择在至少4500万年的夜间谱系中支持功能性S-视蛋白。因此，夜间活动模式仍然是最有可能的真灵长类动物的祖先特征状态。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s11692-013-9230-y）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
A nocturnal activity pattern is central to almost all hypotheses on the adaptive origins of primates. This enduring view has been challenged in recent years on the basis of variation in the opsin genes of nocturnal primates. A correspondence between the opsin genes and activity patterns of species in Euarchonta—the superordinal group that includes the orders Primates, Dermoptera (colugos), and Scandentia (treeshrews)—could prove instructive, yet the basic biology of the dermopteran visual system is practically unknown. Here we show that the eye of the Sunda colugo (Galeopterus variegatus) lacks a tapetum lucidum and has an avascular retina, and we report on the expression and spectral sensitivity of cone photopigments. We found that Sunda colugos have intact short wavelength sensitive (S-) and long wavelength sensitive (L-) opsin genes, and that both opsins are expressed in cone photoreceptors of the retina. The inferred peak spectral sensitivities are 451 and 562 nm, respectively. In line with adaptation to nocturnal vision, cone densities are low. Surprisingly, a majority of S-cones coexpress some L-opsin. We also show that the ratio of rates of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions of exon 1 of the S-opsin gene is indicative of purifying selection. Taken together, our results suggest that natural selection has favored a functional S-opsin in a nocturnal lineage for at least 45 million years. Accordingly, a nocturnal activity pattern remains the most likely ancestral character state of euprimates. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11692-013-9230-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2011.0782
发表时间：
2012-01-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Carvalho, Livia S.;Davies, Wayne L.;Hunt, David M.
通讯作者：
Hunt, David M.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1983.0091
发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DARTNALL, HJA;BOWMAKER, JK;MOLLON, JD
通讯作者：
MOLLON, JD
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Agoramoorthy, G.;Sha, C. M.;Hsu, M. J.
通讯作者：
Hsu, M. J.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Fasick, JI;Applebury, ML;Oprian, DD
通讯作者：
Oprian, DD
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Bentmann, A;Schmidt, M;Burmester, T
通讯作者：
Burmester, T