Examination of the Liquid Volume Inside Metal Tanks Using Noncontact EMATs From Outside

Examination of the Liquid Volume Inside Metal Tanks Using Noncontact EMATs From Outside
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使用非接触式 EMAT 从外部检查金属罐内的液体体积

DOI:
10.1109/tuffc.2020.3022946
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
D. Rueter
D. Rueter
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Rieger;D. Erni;D. Rueter

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本文讨论了超声波回波检查的液体体积内的金属外壳使用非接触式电磁声换能器(EMAT)从外面的坦克。由于只有纵向声波存在于液体中,一种新颖的和强大的电磁超声换能器设计(小线圈中的kA电流),具有特别增强的纵向超声转导。考虑了不同的壁材料(铝、钢和不锈钢)和工作频率。除了穿过气隙的已经很弱的EMAT信号之外,一个特别的挑战是金属壁和液体之间的高反射界面,因为两种介质的声阻抗显著不同。对于较厚的金属壁(这里为3mm),只有<100kHz的低频或接近壁的相应厚度谐振的频率(这里为约1MHz)更合适。较高的频率是优选的,因为它们由于定向光束轮廓、液体中较短的波长和总体上较好的脉冲保真度而显示出优势。几个和紧密相邻的EMAT的同时操作证明了更苛刻的检测任务的可行性,最终导致使用具有八个独立元件的非接触式EMAT阵列在液体内部进行三维定位。
This article discusses ultrasound echo examination of the liquid volume inside a metal enclosure using noncontact electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) from outside the tank. Because only longitudinal sound waves exist in liquids, a novel and powerful EMAT design (kA currents in small coils) with a specifically enhanced transduction of longitudinal ultrasound is presented. Different wall materials (aluminum, steel, and stainless steel) and working frequencies are considered. A particular challenge, in addition to the already weak EMAT signals across an air gap, is the highly reflective interface between the metal wall and liquid because the acoustic impedances of the two media differ considerably. With thicker metal walls (here, 3mm), only either low frequencies <; 100 kHz or frequencies close to the corresponding thickness resonance of the wall (here, about 1 MHz) are more suitable. The higher frequencies are preferred, as they show advantages due to a directed beam profile, shorter wavelengths in the liquid, and an overall better pulse fidelity. The simultaneous operation of several and closely neighboring EMATs demonstrates the feasibility of more demanding detection tasks, ultimately leading toward a 3-D localization inside the liquid using a noncontact EMAT array with eight independent elements.
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