Roadblocks and resolutions in eukaryotic translation.
Roadblocks and resolutions in eukaryotic translation.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41580-018-0011-4
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发表时间:
2018-08
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Green R
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schuller AP;Green R
During protein synthesis, ribosomes encounter many roadblocks, the outcomes of which are largely determined by substrate availability, amino acid features, and reaction kinetics. Prolonged ribosome stalling is likely to be resolved by ribosome rescue [G] or quality control pathways, whereas shorter stalling is likely to be resolved by ongoing productive translation. How ribosome function is affected by such hindrances can therefore have a profound impact on the translational output (yield) of a particular mRNA. In this Review we focus on these roadblocks and the resumption of normal translation elongation, rather than on alternative fates wherein the stalled ribosome triggers degradation of the mRNA and the incomplete protein product. We discuss the fundamental stages of the translation process in eukaryotes, from elongation through ribosome recycling. We pay particular attention to recent discoveries that highlight the complexity of the genetic code and regulatory elements that control gene expression, including ribosome stalling during elongation, the role of mRNA context in translation termination, and mechanisms of ribosome rescue that resemble recycling.
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