Roadblocks and resolutions in eukaryotic translation.

Roadblocks and resolutions in eukaryotic translation.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41580-018-0011-4
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发表时间:
2018-08
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Green R
Green R
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schuller AP;Green R

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在蛋白质合成过程中,核糖体遇到许多障碍,其结果在很大程度上取决于底物可用性、氨基酸特征和反应动力学。长期的核糖体失速可能通过核糖体救援或质量控制途径解决[G],而较短的失速可能通过持续的高效翻译来解决。因此,核糖体的功能如何受到这种障碍的影响可能对特定mRNA的翻译输出(产量)产生深远的影响。在这篇综述中,我们关注这些障碍和正常翻译延伸的恢复,而不是其他的命运,其中停滞的核糖体触发mRNA和不完整蛋白产物的降解。我们讨论了真核生物翻译过程的基本阶段,从延伸到核糖体循环。我们特别关注最近的发现,这些发现强调了遗传密码和控制基因表达的调控元件的复杂性,包括核糖体在延伸期间的停滞,mRNA上下文在翻译终止中的作用,以及类似循环的核糖体救援机制。
During protein synthesis, ribosomes encounter many roadblocks, the outcomes of which are largely determined by substrate availability, amino acid features, and reaction kinetics. Prolonged ribosome stalling is likely to be resolved by ribosome rescue [G] or quality control pathways, whereas shorter stalling is likely to be resolved by ongoing productive translation. How ribosome function is affected by such hindrances can therefore have a profound impact on the translational output (yield) of a particular mRNA. In this Review we focus on these roadblocks and the resumption of normal translation elongation, rather than on alternative fates wherein the stalled ribosome triggers degradation of the mRNA and the incomplete protein product. We discuss the fundamental stages of the translation process in eukaryotes, from elongation through ribosome recycling. We pay particular attention to recent discoveries that highlight the complexity of the genetic code and regulatory elements that control gene expression, including ribosome stalling during elongation, the role of mRNA context in translation termination, and mechanisms of ribosome rescue that resemble recycling.
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