Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 limits RIG-I RNA detection and suppresses IFN production responding to viral and endogenous RNAs.

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 limits RIG-I RNA detection and suppresses IFN production responding to viral and endogenous RNAs.
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DOI:
10.4049/jimmunol.1401136
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发表时间:
2014-10-01
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wang Q
Wang Q
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yang S;Deng P;Zhu Z;Zhu J;Wang G;Zhang L;Chen AF;Wang T;Sarkar SN;Billiar TR;Wang Q

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I 型干扰素 (IFN) 在先天免疫中发挥着核心作用;然而,干扰素的过量产生会导致免疫病理学。在这里,我们证明,作用于 RNA 1 (ADAR1)(一种由干扰素诱导的 RNA 编辑酶)的腺苷脱氨酶对于细胞避免在诱导型敲除细胞模型(源自 ADAR1 lox/lox 和 Cre-ER 小鼠的原代小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞 (MEF))以及 HEK293 细胞中对胞质 RNA 的不当感知至关重要。 ADAR1 通过其 RNA 结合而不是其 RNA 编辑活性来抑制 RIG-I 检测病毒和细胞 RNA。 DsRNA 可与 ADAR1 和 RIG-I 结合,但 ADAR1 会减少 RIG-I RNA 结合。在 ADAR1 缺失的情况下,细胞 RNA 会刺激 I 型 IFN 的产生,而无需病毒感染或外源 RNA 刺激。此外,我们在 ADAR1 诱导敲除小鼠中发现,ADAR1 基因破坏会导致神经组织中产生高水平的 IFN,这是 Aicardi-Goutières 综合征 (AGS) 的标志,AGS 是一种遗传性自身免疫性疾病,最近发现与 ADAR1 基因突变有关。总之,本研究发现 ADAR1 通过其 RNA 结合活性限制 RIG-I 的胞质 RNA 传感;因此,ADAR1 抑制病毒和细胞 RNA 刺激的 I 型 IFN 产生。这些结果解释了为什么 ADARA1 缺失会导致 IFN 诱导,并且还表明 ADAR1 参与 AGS 等自身免疫性疾病的机制。
Type I interferons (IFNs) play central roles in innate immunity; however, overproduction of IFN can lead to immunopathology. Here, we demonstrate that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an RNA-editing enzyme induced by interferon, is essential for cells to avoid inappropriate sensing of cytosolic RNA in an inducible knockout cell model – the primary mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) derived from ADAR1 lox/lox & Cre-ER mice, as well as in HEK293 cells. ADAR1 suppresses viral and cellular RNA detection by RIG-I through its RNA binding rather than its RNA editing activity. DsRNA binds to both ADAR1 and RIG-I, but ADAR1 reduces RIG-I RNA binding. In the absence of ADAR1, cellular RNA stimulates type I IFN production without viral infection or exogenous RNA stimulation. Moreover, we showed in the ADAR1 inducible knockout mice that ADAR1 gene disruption results in a high level IFN production in neuronal tissues – the hallmark of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS), a heritable autoimmune disease recently found to be associated with ADAR1 gene mutations. In summary, this study found that ADAR1 limits cytosolic RNA sensing by RIG-I through its RNA binding activity; therefore, ADAR1 suppresses type I IFN production stimulated by viral and cellular RNAs. These results explain why loss of ADARA1 causes IFN induction and also indicates a mechanism for the involvement of ADAR1 in autoimmune diseases such as AGS.
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