Dissipation bounds the amplification of transition rates far from equilibrium

Dissipation bounds the amplification of transition rates far from equilibrium
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耗散限制了远离平衡的转变率的放大

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2020863118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Limmer, David T.
Limmer, David T.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kuznets-Speck, Benjamin;Limmer, David T.

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复杂系统可以转换非平衡力传递的能量,以调节它们在长寿命状态之间转换的速度。虽然这种行为在自然和合成系统中普遍存在,但目前还没有一个通用的框架来将转换速率的增强与耗散的能量联系起来,也没有一个框架来限定给定能量消耗所能实现的增强。我们采用随机热力学的最新进展来构建这样一个框架,它可以用来获得远离平衡的转变的机制洞察力。我们表明,在一般情况下,存在一个基本的速度限制,涉及整个转变过程中典型的多余热量消散和可实现的速率放大。我们在由自主和确定性外部强制协议驱动的系统中的扩散障碍交叉的典型示例中说明了这种权衡。在这两种情况下,我们发现我们的速度限制严格地限制了速率的提高。
Complex systems can convert energy imparted by nonequilibrium forces to regulate how quickly they transition between long-lived states. While such behavior is ubiquitous in natural and synthetic systems, currently there is no general framework to relate the enhancement of a transition rate to the energy dissipated or to bound the enhancement achievable for a given energy expenditure. We employ recent advances in stochastic thermodynamics to build such a framework, which can be used to gain mechanistic insight into transitions far from equilibrium. We show that under general conditions, there is a basic speed limit relating the typical excess heat dissipated throughout a transition and the rate amplification achievable. We illustrate this tradeoff in canonical examples of diffusive barrier crossings in systems driven with autonomous and deterministic external forcing protocols. In both cases, we find that our speed limit tightly constrains the rate enhancement.
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