Body wall structure in the starfish Asterias rubens.
Body wall structure in the starfish Asterias rubens.
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DOI：
10.1111/joa.12646
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Elphick MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blowes LM;Egertová M;Liu Y;Davis GR;Terrill NJ;Gupta HS;Elphick MR
海星的体壁由镁方解石小骨组成，由胶原组织和肌肉连接，并且它表现出显著的刚度变化，这归因于胶原组分的机械可变性。以欧洲常见的红海星Asterias rubens为实验动物，采用多种技术对海星体壁结构进行了研究。使用三色染色法分析体壁的肌肉和胶原成分的结构和组织。肌肉系统包括骨间肌以及将听小骨与体腔内衬的环形肌肉层连接的肌股。围绕听小骨网络的胶原组织包含胶原纤维，其形成环形条带，该环形条带缠绕在靠近听小骨表面的方解石支柱周围。钙质内骨骼的3D结构首次使用X射线显微断层扫描可视化，揭示了不同听小骨类型的形状和相互作用。此外，对听小骨的解剖组织的分析表明，可以通过局部收缩/放松的骨间肌来实现身体形状的变化。同步辐射小角X射线衍射（SAXD）扫描海星背口体壁和步带用于研究纤维水平的胶原组织成分。背口体壁中的胶原原纤维被发现表现出不同程度的对齐，高水平的对齐可能对应于胶原组织处于张力下的区域。在步带胶原纤维有一个统一的低程度的取向，归因于macrocrimp的原纤维和存在的倾斜，以及水平的原纤维连接antimer步带小骨。体壁胶原纤维D周期长度与先前报道的哺乳动物D周期相似，但在离口和步带样本之间存在显著差异。原纤维内的重叠/D-周期长度比高于哺乳动物组织的报告。总的来说，这里报道的数据提供了新的见解A. rubens体壁的解剖和进一步研究的基础调查棘皮动物体壁组织复合材料的机械性能的结构基础。
The body wall of starfish is composed of magnesium calcite ossicles connected by collagenous tissue and muscles and it exhibits remarkable variability in stiffness, which is attributed to the mechanical mutability of the collagenous component. Using the common European starfish Asterias rubens as an experimental animal, here we have employed a variety of techniques to gain new insights into the structure of the starfish body wall. The structure and organisation of muscular and collagenous components of the body wall were analysed using trichrome staining. The muscle system comprises interossicular muscles as well as muscle strands that connect ossicles with the circular muscle layer of the coelomic lining. The collagenous tissue surrounding the ossicle network contains collagen fibres that form loop‐shaped straps that wrap around calcite struts near to the surface of ossicles. The 3D architecture of the calcareous endoskeleton was visualised for the first time using X‐ray microtomography, revealing the shapes and interactions of different ossicle types. Furthermore, analysis of the anatomical organisation of the ossicles indicates how changes in body shape may be achieved by local contraction/relaxation of interossicular muscles. Scanning synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (SAXD) scans of the starfish aboral body wall and ambulacrum were used to study the collagenous tissue component at the fibrillar level. Collagen fibrils in aboral body wall were found to exhibit variable degrees of alignment, with high levels of alignment probably corresponding to regions where collagenous tissue is under tension. Collagen fibrils in the ambulacrum had a uniformly low degree of orientation, attributed to macrocrimp of the fibrils and the presence of slanted as well as horizontal fibrils connecting antimeric ambulacral ossicles. Body wall collagen fibril D‐period lengths were similar to previously reported mammalian D‐periods, but were significantly different between the aboral and ambulacral samples. The overlap/D‐period length ratio within fibrils was higher than reported for mammalian tissues. Collectively, the data reported here provide new insights into the anatomy of the body wall in A. rubens and a foundation for further studies investigating the structural basis of the mechanical properties of echinoderm body wall tissue composites.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Antipova, Olga;Orgel, Joseph P. R. O.
通讯作者：
Orgel, Joseph P. R. O.
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Birenheide, R;Motokawa, T
通讯作者：
Motokawa, T
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Davis, Graham R.;Evershed, Anthony N. Z.;Mills, David
通讯作者：
Mills, David
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Fang, Ming;Goldstein, Elizabeth L.;Turner, A. Simon;Les, Clifford M.;Orr, Bradford G.;Fisher, Gary J.;Welch, Kathleen B.;Rothman, Edward D.;Holl, Mark M. Banaszak
通讯作者：
Holl, Mark M. Banaszak
影响因子：
2
作者：
Barbaglio, Alice;Tricarico, Serena;Carnevali, M. Daniela Candia
通讯作者：
Carnevali, M. Daniela Candia